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Causal representation learning algorithms discover lower-dimensional representations of data that admit a decipherable interpretation of cause and effect; as achieving such interpretable representations is challenging, many causal learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Elise Walker , Jonas A. Actor , Carianne Martinez , Nathaniel Trask

Causal discovery for both cross-sectional and temporal data has traditionally followed a dataset-specific paradigm, where a new model is fitted for each individual dataset. Such an approach limits the potential of multi-dataset pretraining.…

Causal inference uses observations to infer the causal structure of the data generating system. We study a class of functional models that we call Time Series Models with Independent Noise (TiMINo). These models require independent residual…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-18 Jonas Peters , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schölkopf

Local causal discovery is of great practical significance, as there are often situations where the discovery of the global causal structure is unnecessary, and the interest lies solely on a single target variable. Most existing local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Haoyue Dai , Ignavier Ng , Yujia Zheng , Zhengqing Gao , Kun Zhang

Learning disentangled causal representations is a challenging problem that has gained significant attention recently due to its implications for extracting meaningful information for downstream tasks. In this work, we define a new notion of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Aneesh Komanduri , Yongkai Wu , Feng Chen , Xintao Wu

Many real-world decision-making tasks require learning causal relationships between a set of variables. Traditional causal discovery methods, however, require that all variables are observed, which is often not feasible in practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Raj Agrawal , Chandler Squires , Neha Prasad , Caroline Uhler

Knowledge about existence, strength, and dominant direction of causal influences is of paramount importance for understanding complex systems. With limited amounts of realistic data, however, current methods for investigating causal links…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-10-20 Erik Laminski , Klaus R. Pawelzik

Learning causal relationships among a set of variables, as encoded by a directed acyclic graph, from observational data is complicated by the presence of unobserved confounders. Instrumental variables (IVs) are a popular remedy for this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-17 Jing Zou , Wei Li , Wei Lin

The presence of unobserved common causes and measurement error poses two major obstacles to causal structure learning, since ignoring either source of complexity can induce spurious causal relations among variables of interest. We study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuqin Yang , Mohamed Nafea , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang , AmirEmad Ghassami

Current supervised learning can learn spurious correlation during the data-fitting process, imposing issues regarding interpretability, out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization, and robustness. To avoid spurious correlation, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Xinwei Sun , Botong Wu , Xiangyu Zheng , Chang Liu , Wei Chen , Tao Qin , Tie-yan Liu

The notion of causality is used in many situations dealing with uncertainty. We consider the problem whether causality can be identified given data set generated by discrete random variables rather than continuous ones. In particular, for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-23 Joe Suzuki , Takanori Inazumi , Takashi Washio , Shohei Shimizu

Causal discovery aims to recover causal structures generating the observational data. Despite its success in certain problems, in many real-world scenarios the observed variables are not the target variables of interest, but the imperfect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Haoyue Dai , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Causal discovery from i.i.d. observational data is known to be generally ill-posed. We demonstrate that if we have access to the distribution {induced} by a structural causal model, and additional data from (in the best case) \textit{only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Francesco Montagna

Causal processes in nature may contain cycles, and real datasets may violate causal sufficiency as well as contain selection bias. No constraint-based causal discovery algorithm can currently handle cycles, latent variables and selection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-08 Eric V. Strobl

Recovering the structure of causal graphical models from observational data is an essential yet challenging task for causal discovery in scientific scenarios. Domain-specific causal discovery usually relies on expert validation or prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Taiyu Ban , Lyuzhou Chen , Derui Lyu , Xiangyu Wang , Qinrui Zhu , Qiang Tu , Huanhuan Chen

Motivation: Algorithms that discover variables which are causally related to a target may inform the design of experiments. With observational gene expression data, many methods discover causal variables by measuring each variable's degree…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-07-30 Eric V. Strobl , Shyam Visweswaran

Learning causal structure from observational data is a fundamental challenge in machine learning. However, the majority of commonly used differentiable causal discovery methods are non-identifiable, turning this problem into a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Yu Wang , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Yancheng Yuan , Xiangnan He , Tat-Seng Chua

Causal discovery in time-series data presents a significant computational challenge. Standard algorithms are often prohibitively expensive for datasets with many variables or samples. This study introduces and validates a heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Ziyang Jiao , Ce Guo , Wayne Luk

Causal discovery, i.e., inferring underlying causal relationships from observational data, is highly challenging for AI systems. In a time series modeling context, traditional causal discovery methods mainly consider constrained scenarios…

Understanding the causal relationships between data variables can provide crucial insights into the construction of tabular datasets. Most existing causality learning methods typically focus on applying a single identifiable causal model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hristo Petkov , Calum MacLellan , Feng Dong