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Real-world crash reports, which combine textual summaries and sketches, are valuable for scenario-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, current methods cannot effectively translate this multimodal data into precise,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Fida Khandaker Safa , Yupeng Jiang , Xi Zheng

Evaluating the performance of autonomous vehicle planning algorithms necessitates simulating long-tail safety-critical traffic scenarios. However, traditional methods for generating such scenarios often fall short in terms of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Wei-Jer Chang , Francesco Pittaluga , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan , Manmohan Chandraker

In contemporary autonomous driving testing, virtual simulation has become an important approach due to its efficiency and cost effectiveness. However, existing methods usually rely on reinforcement learning to generate risky scenarios,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chen Xiong , Cheng Wang , Yuhang Liu , Zirui Wu , Ye Tian

Motion planning is a crucial component in autonomous driving. State-of-the-art motion planners are trained on meticulously curated datasets, which are not only expensive to annotate but also insufficient in capturing rarely seen critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Aizierjiang Aiersilan

Controllable and realistic traffic simulation is critical for developing and verifying autonomous vehicles. Typical heuristic-based traffic models offer flexible control to make vehicles follow specific trajectories and traffic rules. On…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ziyuan Zhong , Davis Rempe , Danfei Xu , Yuxiao Chen , Sushant Veer , Tong Che , Baishakhi Ray , Marco Pavone

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Realistic and controllable traffic simulation is a core capability that is necessary to accelerate autonomous vehicle (AV) development. However, current approaches for controlling learning-based traffic models require significant domain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ziyuan Zhong , Davis Rempe , Yuxiao Chen , Boris Ivanovic , Yulong Cao , Danfei Xu , Marco Pavone , Baishakhi Ray

While recent developments in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology highlight substantial progress, we lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de facto}$ evaluation environment, places the public in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha , Hongseok Namkoong , John Duchi , Russ Tedrake

Evaluating and training autonomous driving systems require diverse and scalable corner cases. However, most existing scene generation methods lack controllability, accuracy, and versatility, resulting in unsatisfactory generation results.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sheng Wang , Ge Sun , Fulong Ma , Tianshuai Hu , Qiang Qin , Yongkang Song , Lei Zhu , Junwei Liang

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for training and evaluating autonomous driving (AD) systems, yet remain extremely rare in real-world driving datasets. To address this, we propose Real-world Crash Grounding (RCG), a scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Benjamin Stoler , Juliet Yang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

Safely interacting with humans is a significant challenge for autonomous driving. The performance of this interaction depends on machine learning-based modules of an autopilot, such as perception, behavior prediction, and planning. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Jay Shenoy , Edward Kim , Xiangyu Yue , Taesung Park , Daniel Fremont , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Sanjit Seshia

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

In order to find the most likely failure scenarios which may occur under certain given operation domain, critical-scenario-based test is supposed as an effective and widely used method, which gives suggestions for designers to improve the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yizhou Xie , Kunpeng Dai , Yong Zhang

Scenario-based testing is becoming increasingly important in safety assurance for automated driving. However, comprehensive and sufficiently complete coverage of the scenario space requires significant effort and resources if using only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Christoph Glasmacher , Michael Schuldes , Hendrik Weber , Nicolas Wagener , Lutz Eckstein

Driving in compliance with traffic laws and regulations is a basic requirement for human drivers, yet autonomous vehicles (AVs) can violate these requirements in diverse real-world scenarios. To encode law compliance into AV systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bowen Jian , Rongjie Yu , Hong Wang , Liqiang Wang , Zihang Zou

Autonomous driving requires reasoning about interactions with surrounding traffic. A prevailing approach is large-scale imitation learning on expert driving datasets, aimed at generalizing across diverse real-world scenarios. For online…

Scenario-based testing is considered state-of-the-art for verifying and validating Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) and Automated Driving Systems (ADSs). However, the practical application of scenario-based testing requires an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Joshua Ransiek , Johannes Plaum , Jacob Langner , Eric Sax

How to generate testing scenario libraries for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is a major challenge faced by the industry. In previous studies, to evaluate maneuver challenge of a scenario, surrogate models (SMs) are often used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Haowei Sun , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

We challenge the perceived consensus that the application of deep learning to solve the automated driving planning task necessarily requires huge amounts of real-world data or highly realistic simulation. Focusing on a roundabout scenario,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Martin Stoll , Markus Mazzola , Maxim Dolgov , Jürgen Mathes , Nicolas Möser