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We take matrix decompositions that are usually applied to matrices over the real numbers or complex numbers, and extend them to matrices over an algebra called the double numbers. In doing so, we unify some matrix decompositions: For…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Ran Gutin

The equivalence group is determined for systems of linear ordinary differential equations in both the standard form and the normal form. It is then shown that the normal form of linear systems reducible by an invertible point transformation…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-02-26 JC Ndogmo

This is an introduction to advanced linear algebra, with emphasis on geometric aspects, and with some applications included too. We first review basic linear algebra, notably with the spectral theorem in its general form, and with the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Teo Banica

The Jordan algebra of the symmetric matrices of order two over a field $K$ has two natural gradings by $\mathbb{Z}_2$, the cyclic group of order 2. We describe the graded polynomial identities for these two gradings when the base field is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Plamen Koshlukov , Diogo Diniz P. S. Silva

Let $A$ be an algebra and let $X$ be an $A$-bimodule. A $\Bbb C-$linear mapping $d:A \to X$ is called a generalized Jordan derivation if there exists a Jordan derivation (in the usual sense) $\delta:A \to X$ such that…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2008-12-31 M. Eshaghi Gordji , N. Ghobadipour

Finitely generated Z-modules have canonical decompositions. When such modules are given in a finitely presented form there is a classical algorithm for computing a canonical decomposition. This is the algorithm for computing the Smith…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-25 George Havas , Derek F. Holt , Sarah Rees

We reconsider the theory of Lagrange interpolation polynomials with multiple interpolation points and apply it to linear algebra. For instance, $A$ be a linear operator satisfying a degree $n$ polynomial equation $P(A)=0$. One can see that…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-03-04 Askold Khovanskii , Sushil Singla , Aaron Tronsgard

We consider a large class of matrix problems, which includes the problem of classifying arbitrary systems of linear mappings. For every matrix problem from this class, we construct Belitskii's algorithm for reducing a matrix to a canonical…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-09-18 Vladimir V. Sergeichuk

Let $\lambda$ be a partition of an integer $n$ and ${\mathbb F}_q$ be a finite field of order $q$. Let $P_\lambda(q)$ be the number of strictly upper triangular $n\times n$ matrices of the Jordan type $\lambda$. It is known that the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-04 Dmitry Fuchs , Alexandre Kirillov

Let $V$ be a finite dimensional vector space over a field $\mathrm{k}$ of characteristic $0$. Let $A$ be a linear mapping of $V$ into itself. This paper gives a normal form for $A$, which gives a better description of the structure of $A$…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-05-28 Richard Cushman

We use methods of the general theory of congruence and *congruence for complex matrices--regularization and cosquares-to determine a unitary congruence canonical form (respectively, a unitary *congruence canonical form) for complex matrices…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-14 Roger A. Horn , Vladimir V. Sergeichuk

Matrix congruence can be used to mimic linear maps between homogeneous quadratic polynomials in $n$ variables. We introduce a generalization, called standard-form congruence, which mimics affine maps between non-homogeneous quadratic…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-09-19 Jason Gaddis

We investigate the factorization problem as well as the classifying complements problem in the setting of Jordan algebras. Matched pairs of Jordan algebras and the corresponding bicrossed products are introduced. It is shown that any Jordan…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-11-09 A. L. Agore , G. Militaru

Let $\mathcal{G}=[A & M N & B]$ be a generalized matrix algebra defined by the Morita context $(A, B,_AM_B,_BN_A, \Phi_{MN}, \Psi_{NM})$. In this article we mainly study the question of whether there exist proper Jordan derivations for the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2012-02-14 Yanbo Li , Leon van Wyk , Feng Wei

Symmetry postulates play a crucial role in various approaches to reconstruct quantum theory from a few basic principles. Discrete and continuous symmetries are under consideration. The continuous case better matches the physical needs for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Gerd Niestegge

Let $\tau$ be a strongly $(n,p;a,c)$ regular graph,such that $0<c<p<n-1,$ $A$ his matrix of adjacency and let ${\cal V}_{n}$ be the Euclidean space spanned by the powers of $A$ over the reals where the scallar product $\bullet|\bullet$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-03-26 Luis Vieira

The Jacobson Coordinatization Theorem describes the structure of unitary Jordan algebras containing the algebra $H_n(F)$ of symmetric nxn matrices over a field F with the same identity element, for $n\geq 3$. In this paper we extend the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Jesús Laliena , Victor López Solís , Ivan Shestakov

The exceptional Jordan algebra is the algebra of $3\times 3$ Hermitian matrices with octonionic entries. It is the only one from Jordan's algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics which is not equivalent to the conventional formulation of…

General Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Tejinder P. Singh

We propose an algorithm for determining the irreducible polynomials over finite fields, based on the use of the companion matrix of polynomials and the generalized Jordan normal form of square matrices.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-13 Samuel H. Dalalyan

Let $B$ be some invertible Hermitian or skew-Hermitian matrix. A matrix $A$ is called $B$-normal if $AA^\star = A^\star A$ holds for $A$ and its adjoint matrix $A^\star := B^{-1}A^HB$. In addition, a matrix $Q$ is called $B$-unitary, if…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Ralph John de la Cruz , Philip Saltenberger