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Structure-based protein design has attracted increasing interest, with numerous methods being introduced in recent years. However, a universally accepted method for evaluation has not been established, since the wet-lab validation can be…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-04 Chuanrui Wang , Bozitao Zhong , Zuobai Zhang , Narendra Chaudhary , Sanchit Misra , Jian Tang

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of protein foundation models, significantly improving performance in protein prediction and generative tasks ranging from 3D structure prediction and protein design to conformational…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-08 Fei Ye , Zaixiang Zheng , Dongyu Xue , Yuning Shen , Lihao Wang , Yiming Ma , Yan Wang , Xinyou Wang , Xiangxin Zhou , Quanquan Gu

Function-guided protein design is a crucial task with significant applications in drug discovery and enzyme engineering. However, the field lacks a unified and comprehensive evaluation framework. Current models are assessed using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiahao Kuang , Nuowei Liu , Jie Wang , Changzhi Sun , Tao Ji , Yuanbin Wu

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

This study investigates the current landscape and future directions of protein foundation model research. While recent advancements have transformed protein science and engineering, the field lacks a comprehensive benchmark for fair…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-19 Zhangyang Gao , Hao Wang , Cheng Tan , Chenrui Xu , Mengdi Liu , Bozhen Hu , Linlin Chao , Xiaoming Zhang , Stan Z. Li

A critical yet frequently overlooked challenge in the field of deepfake detection is the lack of a standardized, unified, comprehensive benchmark. This issue leads to unfair performance comparisons and potentially misleading results.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhiyuan Yan , Yong Zhang , Xinhang Yuan , Siwei Lyu , Baoyuan Wu

Tandem mass spectrometry provides a high-throughput framework for identifying and quantifying proteins in complex biological samples. In computational proteomics, predicting peptide MS/MS spectra is a critical task, enabling downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhiwen Yang , Pan Liu , Yifan Li , Yunhua Zhong , Jun Xia

The design of protein sequences with desired functionalities is a fundamental task in protein engineering. Deep generative methods, such as autoregressive models and diffusion models, have greatly accelerated the discovery of novel protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zitai Kong , Yiheng Zhu , Yinlong Xu , Hanjing Zhou , Mingzhe Yin , Jialu Wu , Hongxia Xu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou , Jian Wu

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) play central roles in cellular function, yet remain poorly evaluated by existing protein structure prediction benchmarks. Current evaluations largely focus on well-folded domains, overlooking three…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Xinyue Zeng , Tuo Wang , Adithya Kulkarni , Alexander Lu , Alexandra Ni , Phoebe Xing , Junhan Zhao , Siwei Chen , Dawei Zhou

The diverse nature of protein prediction tasks has traditionally necessitated specialized models, hindering the development of broadly applicable and computationally efficient Protein Language Models (PLMs). In this work, we introduce…

Designing protein-binding proteins with high affinity is critical in biomedical research and biotechnology. Despite recent advancements targeting specific proteins, the ability to create high-affinity binders for arbitrary protein targets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhenqiao Song , Tiaoxiao Li , Lei Li , Martin Renqiang Min

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of protein structural tokenization methods, which chunk protein 3D structures into discrete or continuous representations. Structure tokenization enables the direct application of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-26 Xinyu Yuan , Zichen Wang , Marcus Collins , Huzefa Rangwala

The motif-scaffolding problem is a central task in computational protein design: Given the coordinates of atoms in a geometry chosen to confer a desired biochemical function (a motif), the task is to identify diverse protein structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Zhuoqi Zheng , Bo Zhang , Kieran Didi , Kevin K. Yang , Jason Yim , Joseph L. Watson , Hai-Feng Chen , Brian L. Trippe

Currently, the field of structure-based drug design is dominated by three main types of algorithms: search-based algorithms, deep generative models, and reinforcement learning. While existing works have typically focused on comparing models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Kangyu Zheng , Kai Zhang , Jiale Tan , Xuehan Chen , Yingzhou Lu , Zaixi Zhang , Lichao Sun , Marinka Zitnik , Tianfan Fu , Zhiding Liang

Protein design has become a critical method in advancing significant potential for various applications such as drug development and enzyme engineering. However, protein design methods utilizing large language models with solely pretraining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Xiao-Yu Guo , Yi-Fan Li , Yuan Liu , Xiaoyong Pan , Hong-Bin Shen

Protein design aims to compose amino-acid sequences that fold into stable three-dimensional structures while satisfying targeted functional properties. The field is increasingly shifting toward vibe protein design, where a single model is…

Protein binder design is central to therapeutics, diagnostics, and synthetic biology, yet practical deployment remains challenging due to fragmented workflows, high computational costs, and complex tool integration. We present…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-29 Jie Gao , Jun Li , Jing Hu , Shanzhuo Zhang , Kunrui Zhu , Yueyang Huang , Xiaonan Zhang , Xiaomin Fang

In this paper, we introduce PredBench, a benchmark tailored for the holistic evaluation of spatio-temporal prediction networks. Despite significant progress in this field, there remains a lack of a standardized framework for a detailed and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 ZiDong Wang , Zeyu Lu , Di Huang , Tong He , Xihui Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to generate potential drugs that can bind to a target protein and is greatly expedited by the aid of AI techniques in generative models. However, a lack of systematic understanding persists due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Haitao Lin , Guojiang Zhao , Odin Zhang , Yufei Huang , Lirong Wu , Zicheng Liu , Siyuan Li , Cheng Tan , Zhifeng Gao , Stan Z. Li

In contrast to their remarkable performance on general knowledge QA, the true abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in tasks demanding deep, specialized reasoning, such as in protein biology, have yet to be thoroughly investigated.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-30 Dingyi Rong , Zijian Chen , Qi Jia , Kaiwei Zhang , Haotian Lu , Guangtao Zhai , Ning Liu
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