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There has been an increasing focus in learning interpretable feature representations, particularly in applications such as medical image analysis that require explainability, whilst relying less on annotated data (since annotations can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Gabriele Valvano , Agisilaos Chartsias , Andrea Leo , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

High false-positive rate is a long-standing challenge for anomaly detection algorithms, especially in high-stake applications. To identify the true anomalies, in practice, analysts or domain experts will be employed to investigate the top…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Mingyang Wan , Xia Hu

Temporal difference (TD) learning is an important approach in reinforcement learning, as it combines ideas from dynamic programming and Monte Carlo methods in a way that allows for online and incremental model-free learning. A key idea of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Kristopher De Asis , Brendan Bennett , Richard S. Sutton

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is the standard paradigm for domain adaptation, yet it frequently incurs the cost of catastrophic forgetting. In sharp contrast, on-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) effectively preserves general capabilities.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Muxi Diao , Lele Yang , Wuxuan Gong , Yutong Zhang , Zhonghao Yan , Yufei Han , Kongming Liang , Weiran Xu , Zhanyu Ma

Numerous recent works utilize bi-Lipschitz regularization of neural network layers to preserve relative distances between data instances in the feature spaces of each layer. This distance sensitivity with respect to the data aids in tasks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-17 Jeffrey Willette , Hae Beom Lee , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Understanding the confidence with which a machine learning model classifies an input datum is an important, and perhaps under-investigated, concept. In this paper, we propose a new calibration metric, the Entropic Calibration Difference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Daniel James Sumler , Lee Devlin , Simon Maskell , Richard O. Lane

Early Risk Detection (ERD) on the Web aims to identify promptly users facing social and health issues. Users are analyzed post-by-post, and it is necessary to guarantee correct and quick answers, which is particularly challenging in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Horacio Thompson , Esaú Villatoro-Tello , Manuel Montes-y-Gómez , Marcelo Errecalde

On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student on its own rollouts with token-level teacher supervision. Recent selective OPD methods exploit the non-uniformity of OPD signals by prioritizing high-entropy or high-disagreement tokens. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuanyi Wang , Su Lu , Yanggan Gu , Pengkai Wang , Yifan Yang , Zhaoyi Yan , Congkai Xie , Jianmin Wu , Hongxia Yang

In the framework of Markov Decision Processes, off-policy learning, that is the problem of learning a linear approximation of the value function of some fixed policy from one trajectory possibly generated by some other policy. We briefly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Matthieu Geist , Bruno Scherrer

Value-based deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms suffer from the estimation bias primarily caused by function approximation and temporal difference (TD) learning. This problem induces faulty state-action value estimates and therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Dogan C. Cicek , Enes Duran , Baturay Saglam , Kagan Kaya , Furkan B. Mutlu , Suleyman S. Kozat

Semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) aims to improve the performance and generalization of existing object detectors by utilizing limited labeled data and extensive unlabeled data. Despite many advances, recent SSOD methods are still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Seyed Mojtaba Marvasti-Zadeh , Nilanjan Ray , Nadir Erbilgin

We introduce the Temporal Contrastive Transformer (TCT), a representation learning framework designed to capture contextual temporal dynamics in sequences of financial transactions. The model is trained using a self-supervised contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Danny Butvinik , Yonit Marcus , Nitzan Tal , Gabrielle Azoulay

Temporal-difference (TD) learning is widely regarded as one of the most popular algorithms in reinforcement learning (RL). Despite its widespread use, it has only been recently that researchers have begun to actively study its finite time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

Value functions arise as a component of algorithms as well as performance metrics in statistics and engineering applications. Computation of the associated Bellman equations is numerically challenging in all but a few special cases. A…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Adithya M. Devraj , Sean P. Meyn

We provide non-asymptotic bounds for the well-known temporal difference learning algorithm TD(0) with linear function approximators. These include high-probability bounds as well as bounds in expectation. Our analysis suggests that a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-02 Nathaniel Korda , L. A. Prashanth

Temporal difference (TD) learning is one of the main foundations of modern reinforcement learning. This paper studies the use of TD(0), a canonical TD algorithm, to estimate the value function of a given policy from a batch of data. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Brahma Pavse , Ishan Durugkar , Josiah Hanna , Peter Stone

Meta-reinforcement learning (RL) addresses the problem of sample inefficiency in deep RL by using experience obtained in past tasks for a new task to be solved. However, most meta-RL methods require partially or fully on-policy data, i.e.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Takahisa Imagawa , Takuya Hiraoka , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

We investigate the statistical properties of Temporal Difference (TD) learning with Polyak-Ruppert averaging, arguably one of the most widely used algorithms in reinforcement learning, for the task of estimating the parameters of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-25 Weichen Wu , Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Alessandro Rinaldo

Recently, Transformers have gained significant popularity in image restoration tasks such as image super-resolution and denoising, owing to their superior performance. However, balancing performance and computational burden remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Leheng Zhang , Wei Long , Yawei Li , Xingyu Zhou , Xiaorui Zhao , Shuhang Gu

Consider learning a policy purely on the basis of demonstrated behavior -- that is, with no access to reinforcement signals, no knowledge of transition dynamics, and no further interaction with the environment. This *strictly batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Daniel Jarrett , Ioana Bica , Mihaela van der Schaar