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The pixel detector is the innermost tracking device in CMS, reconstructing interaction vertices and charged particle trajectories. The sensors located in the innermost layers of the pixel detector must be upgraded for the ten-fold increase…
A new tracking detector will be installed as part of the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC era. This tracking detector includes the Inner Tracker, equipped with silicon pixel sensor modules, and the Outer…
During Phase-2 of the LHC, known as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the accelerator will increase its instantaneous luminosity to 5 $\times$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, delivering an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb$^{-1}$ over 10 years…
The High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider will be able to reach a peak instantaneous luminosity of 5E34/cm2 s. The innermost detectors of the CMS and ATLAS experiments will have to cope with unprecedented requirements on…
It is expected that the LHC accelerator and experiments will undergo a luminosity upgrade which will commence after several years of running. This part of the LHC operations is referred to as Super-LHC (SLHC) and is expected to provide…
(Abridged version) The CMS experiment at the LHC will begin operation in 2007. The CMS Tracker sub-detector, comprises ~10 million detector channels read out by ~40 000 analog optical links. The optoelectronic components have been designed…
Pixel detectors are used in the innermost part of the multi purpose experiments at LHC and are therefore exposed to the highest fluences of ionising radiation, which in this part of the detectors consists mainly of charged pions. The…
The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of…
The foreseen upgrade of the LHC to its high luminosity phase (HL-LHC), will maximize the physics potential of the facility. The upgrade is expected to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 5 and deliver an integrated…
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of two general-purpose detectors that reconstruct the products of high energy particle interactions at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The silicon pixel detector is the innermost component of the…
Owing to their intrinsic (geometry dependent) radiation hardness, 3D pixel sensors are promising candidates for the innermost tracking layers of the forthcoming experiment upgrades at the Phase 2 High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). To this…
3D silicon pixel detectors have been investigated as radiation-hard candidates for the innermost layers of the HL-LHC upgrade of the ATLAS pixel detector. 3D detectors are already in use today in the ATLAS IBL and AFP experiments. These are…
The LHC will undergo a major upgrade starting in 2025 towards the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 5 to 7 compared to the nominal value. The Phase-II Upgrade (2025-2027) will require the…
The planned upgrade of the LHC accelerator at CERN, namely the high luminosity (HL) phase of the LHC (HL-LHC foreseen for 2023), will result in a more intense radiation environment than the present tracking system was designed for. The…
The LHC accelerator complex will be upgraded between 2020-2022, to the High-Luminosity-LHC, to considerably increase statistics for the various physics analyses. To operate under these challenging new conditions, and maintain excellent…
The CMS experiment will include a pixel detector for pattern recognition and vertexing. It will consist of three barrel layers and two endcaps on each side, providing three space-points up to a pseudoraditity of 2.1. Taking into account the…
At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will face a harsh environment with a high instantaneous luminosity up to 7x10$^{34}$/cm$^2$/s corresponding to an average of 140-200 multiple proton-proton collisions per bunch…
In the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) program, during the next years, the instantaneous luminosity will increase up to 5 $\times$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ which means a factor five higher than the nominal LHC. In that…
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is one of two general-purpose detectors that reconstruct the products of high energy particle interactions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The silicon pixel detector is the innermost…
In the high luminosity scenario of the LHC (HL-LHC), which will bring the instantaneous luminosity up to 7.5\,$\times$\,$10^{34}$\,cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, ATLAS and CMS will need to operate at up to 200 interactions per 25\,ns beam crossing and…