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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), a conditional computation architecture, achieved promising performance by scaling local module (i.e. feed-forward network) of transformer. However, scaling the cross-token module (i.e. self-attention) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Yuxuan Lou , Fuzhao Xue , Zangwei Zheng , Yang You

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers have emerged as an important tool in scaling up modern neural networks by decoupling total trainable parameters from activated parameters in the forward pass for each token. However, sparse MoEs add…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tianze Jiang , Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan , Boris Hanin

This research combines Knowledge Distillation (KD) and Mixture of Experts (MoE) to develop modular, efficient multilingual language models. Key objectives include evaluating adaptive versus fixed alpha methods in KD and comparing modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mohammed Al-Maamari , Mehdi Ben Amor , Michael Granitzer

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become a key approach for scaling large language models efficiently by activating only a subset of experts during training and inference. Typically, the number of activated experts presents a trade-off:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yifei He , Yang Liu , Chen Liang , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve the scalability of large language models (LLMs) by activating only a small subset of relevant experts per input. However, the sheer number of expert networks in an MoE model introduces a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

The emergence of Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs has significantly advanced the development of language models. Compared to traditional LLMs, MoE LLMs outperform traditional LLMs by achieving higher performance with considerably fewer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Cheng Yang , Yang Sui , Jinqi Xiao , Lingyi Huang , Yu Gong , Yuanlin Duan , Wenqi Jia , Miao Yin , Yu Cheng , Bo Yuan

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model uses a set of expert networks that specialize on subsets of a dataset under the supervision of a gating network. A common issue in MoE architectures is ``expert collapse'' where overlapping class…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Abien Fred Agarap , Arnulfo P. Azcarraga

With the widespread application of Mixture of Experts (MoE) reasoning models in the field of LLM learning, efficiently serving MoE models under limited GPU memory constraints has emerged as a significant challenge. Offloading the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Songkai Ma , Zhaorui Zhang , Sheng Di , Benben Liu , Xiaodong Yu , Xiaoyi Lu , Dan Wang

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) presents a dual challenge of balancing parameter efficiency and model capacity. Existing methods like low-rank adaptations (LoRA) are efficient but lack flexibility, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Hanqing Zeng , Yinglong Xia , Zhuokai Zhao , Chuan Jiang , Qiang Zhang , Jiayi Liu , Qunshu Zhang , Lizhu Zhang , Xiangjun Fan , Benyu Zhang

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models for multiple tasks tends to be expensive in terms of storage. To mitigate this, parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL) methods have been proposed to address this issue, but they still require a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Guangtao Zeng , Peiyuan Zhang , Wei Lu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

We present ScatterMoE, an implementation of Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) on GPUs. ScatterMoE builds upon existing implementations, and overcoming some of the limitations to improve inference and training speed, and memory footprint.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Shawn Tan , Yikang Shen , Rameswar Panda , Aaron Courville

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer immense capacity via sparsely gated expert subnetworks, yet adapting them to multiple domains without catastrophic forgetting remains an open challenge. Existing approaches either incur prohibitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junzhuo Li , Bo Wang , Xiuze Zhou , Xuming Hu

Although many efforts have been made, it is still a challenge to balance the training budget, downstream performance, and the general capabilities of the LLMs in many applications. Training the whole model for downstream tasks is expensive,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Jiayi Han , Liang Du , Hongwei Du , Xiangguo Zhou , Yiwen Wu , Weibo Zheng , Donghong Han

Recently, the pre-trained Transformer models have received a rising interest in the field of speech processing thanks to their great success in various downstream tasks. However, most fine-tuning approaches update all the parameters of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Junyi Peng , Themos Stafylakis , Rongzhi Gu , Oldřich Plchot , Ladislav Mošner , Lukáš Burget , Jan Černocký

Achieving self-evolution in intelligent agents requires the continual accumulation of new knowledge across changing task sequences without forgetting previously acquired abilities. Existing approaches either internalize knowledge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Dianzhi Yu , Vireo Zhang , Hongru Wang , Yanyu Chen , Minda Hu , Wanghan Xu , Siki Chen , Philip Torr , Zhenfei Yin , Irwin King

Sparsely activated Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) has shown promise in scaling up the learning capacity of neural networks. However, vanilla SMoEs have issues such as expert redundancy and heavy memory requirements, making them inefficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Ajay Jaiswal , Jianyu Wang , Yixiao Li , Pingzhi Li , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Chong Wang , Ruoming Pang , Xianzhi Du

Combining existing pre-trained expert LLMs is a promising avenue for scalably tackling large-scale and diverse tasks. However, selecting task-level experts is often too coarse-grained, as heterogeneous tasks may require different expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Sukwon Yun , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Tianlong Chen , Mohit Bansal

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scalability by activating only a small sub-set of experts per input, yet their massive parameter counts lead to substantial memory and energy inefficiency during inference. Analog…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mohammed Nowaz Rabbani Chowdhury , Hsinyu Tsai , Geoffrey W. Burr , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Liu Liu , Meng Wang