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Finding efficient decoders for quantum error correcting codes adapted to realistic experimental noise in fault-tolerant devices represents a significant challenge. In this paper we introduce several decoding algorithms complemented by deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Christopher Chamberland , Pooya Ronagh

The design and benchmarking of quantum computer architectures traditionally rely on practical hardware restrictions, such as gate fidelities, control, and cooling. At the theoretical and software levels, numerous approaches have been…

It is widely accepted that noisy quantum devices are limited to logarithmic depth circuits unless mid-circuit measurements and error correction are employed. However, this conclusion holds only for unital error channels, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-08 Oles Shtanko , Kunal Sharma

Quantum compilers rely on calibration-derived noise models to guide circuit mapping and optimization. These models characterize gate and qubit errors independently and miss context-dependent effects such as crosstalk and correlated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhenyu Qi , Qian Zhang , Haotang Li , Sen He , Jiyuan Wang

Characterizing errors in quantum circuits is essential for device calibration, yet detecting rare error events requires a large number of samples. This challenge is particularly severe in calibrating fault-tolerant, error-corrected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Han Zheng , Chia-Tung Chu , Senrui Chen , Argyris Giannisis Manes , Su-un Lee , Sisi Zhou , Liang Jiang

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices offer unique platforms to test and evaluate the behavior of non-fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, validating programs on NISQ devices is difficult due to fluctuations in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-10 Megan L. Dahlhauser , Travis S. Humble

In quantum error correction, the description of noise channel cannot be completely accurate, and fluctuation always appears in noise channel. It is found that when fluctuation of physical noise channel is considered, the average effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-30 Long Huang , Xiaohua Wu , Tao Zhou

In this paper, we analyze the performance of randomized benchmarking protocols on gate sets under a variety of realistic error models that include systematic rotations, amplitude damping, leakage to higher levels, and 1/f noise. We find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-08 Jeffrey M. Epstein , Andrew W. Cross , Easwar Magesan , Jay M. Gambetta

We address the characterization of classical fractional random noise via quantum probes. In particular, we focus on estimation and discrimination problems involving the fractal dimension of the trajectories of a system subject to fractional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Matteo G. A. Paris

We propose a simple drop-in noise-tolerant replacement for the standard finite difference procedure used ubiquitously in blackbox optimization. In our approach, parameter perturbation directions are defined by a family of structured…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Krzysztof Choromanski , Atil Iscen , Vikas Sindhwani , Jie Tan , Erwin Coumans

Measures of quantum nonlocality traditionally assume perfect local computation. In real experiments, however, each computational primitive is imperfect. Fault-tolerant techniques enable arbitrarily accurate quantum computation but do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Andy Zeyi Liu , Debbie Leung

Effective methods for characterizing the noise in quantum computing devices are essential for programming and debugging circuit performance. Existing approaches vary in the information obtained as well as the amount of quantum and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-10 Megan L. Dahlhauser , Travis S. Humble

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) have emerged with a wide variety of applications. One question to ask is either they can efficiently be implemented and executed on existing architectures. Current hardware suffers from uncontrolled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Anne-Solène Bornens , Michel Nowak

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

The behavior of real quantum hardware differs strongly from the simple error models typically used when simulating quantum error correction. Error processes are far more complex than simple depolarizing noise applied to single gates, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Ian Hesner , Bence Hetényi , James R. Wootton

We investigate a scheme of fault-tolerant quantum computation based on the cluster model. Logical qubits are encoded by a suitable code such as the Steane's 7-qubit code. Cluster states of logical qubits are prepared by post-selection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Keisuke Fujii , Katsuji Yamamoto

Quantization has emerged as an essential technique for deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) on devices with limited resources. However, quantized models exhibit vulnerabilities when exposed to various noises in real-world applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Yisong Xiao , Aishan Liu , Tianyuan Zhang , Haotong Qin , Jinyang Guo , Xianglong Liu

Extracting information efficiently from quantum systems is a major component of quantum information processing tasks. Randomized measurements, or classical shadows, enable predicting many properties of arbitrary quantum states using few…

Conventional computers have evolved to device components that demonstrate failure rates of 1e-17 or less, while current quantum computing devices typically exhibit error rates of 1e-2 or greater. This raises concerns about the reliability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Samudra Dasgupta , Travis S. Humble

We describe how to use the fidelity decay as a tool to characterize the errors affecting a quantum information processor through a noise generator $G_{\tau}$. For weak noise, the initial decay rate of the fidelity proves to be a simple way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Benjamin Lévi , Cecilia C. López , Joseph Emerson , D. G. Cory
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