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Shor's algorithm can find prime factors of a large number more efficiently than any known classical algorithm. Understanding the properties that gives the speedup is essential for a general and scalable construction. Here we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-13 Niklas Johansson , Jan-Åke Larsson

These are pedagogical notes on Shor's factoring algorithm, which is a quantum algorithm for factoring very large numbers (of order of hundreds to thousands of bits) in polynomial time. In contrast, all known classical algorithms for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Robert L Singleton

Quantum algorithms are at the heart of the ongoing efforts to use quantum mechanics to solve computational problems unsolvable on ordinary classical computers. Their common feature is the use of genuine quantum properties such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Giuseppe Mussardo , Andrea Trombettoni

Shor's algorithm is one of the most prominent quantum algorithms, yet finding efficient implementations remains an active research challenge. While many approaches focus on low-level modular arithmetic optimizations, a broader perspective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Moritz Schmidt , Abhoy Kole , Leon Wichette , Rolf Drechsler , Frank Kirchner , Elie Mounzer

Quantum algorithms face significant challenges due to qubit susceptibility to environmental noise, and quantum error correction typically requires prohibitive resource overhead. This paper proposes that quantum algorithms may possess…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Fusheng Yang , Zhipeng Liang , Zhengzhong Yi , Xuan Wang

We describe an implementation of Shor's quantum algorithm to factor n-bit integers using only 2n+2 qubits. In contrast to previous space-optimized implementations, ours features a purely Toffoli based modular multiplication circuit. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-02 Thomas Häner , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

We present fast and highly parallelized versions of Shor's algorithm. With a sizable quantum computer it would then be possible to factor numbers with millions of digits. The main algorithm presented here uses FFT-based fast integer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christof Zalka

We try to minimize the number of qubits needed to factor an integer of n bits using Shor's algorithm on a quantum computer. We introduce a circuit which uses 2n+3 qubits and O(n^3 lg(n)) elementary quantum gates in a depth of O(n^3) to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Stephane Beauregard

Quantum computers are able to outperform classical algorithms. This was long recognized by the visionary Richard Feynman who pointed out in the 1980s that quantum mechanical problems were better solved with quantum machines. It was only in…

Shor's quantum algorithm is very important for cryptography, since it can factor large numbers much faster than classical algorithms. In this study, we implement a simulator for Shor's quantum algorithm on graphic processor units (GPU) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-05 I. Savran , M. Demirci , A. H. Yilmaz

A scheme to encode arbitrarily long integer pairs on degenerate optical parametric oscillations multiplexed in time is proposed. The classical entanglement between the polarization directions and the phases of the oscillating pulses,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Minghui Li , Wei Wang , Zikang Tang , Hou Ian

We present a distributed implementation of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a distributed quantum network model. This model provides a means for small capacity quantum computers to work together in such a way as to simulate a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Anocha Yimsiriwattana , Samuel J. Lomonaco

Shor's algorithm for the prime factorization of numbers provides an exponential speedup over the best known classical algorithms. However, nontrivial practical applications have remained out of reach due to experimental limitations. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-21 Abu Musa Patoary , Amit Vikram , Victor Galitski

This work presents a generalized period decomposition approach, significantly improving the practical reliability of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. Although Shor's algorithm theoretically enables polynomial-time integer factorization,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Chih-Chen Liao , Chia-Hsin Liu , Yun-Cheng Tsai

Shor's powerful quantum algorithm for factoring represents a major challenge in quantum computation and its full realization will have a large impact on modern cryptography. Here we implement a compiled version of Shor's algorithm in a…

Neutral atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising platform for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Based on these advances, including dynamically-reconfigurable connectivity and fast transversal operations, we present a low-overhead…

Tomography has reached its practical limits in characterization of new quantum devices, and there is a need for a new means of characterizing and validating new technological advances in this field. We propose a different verification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-15 Omar Gamel , Daniel F. V. James

An efficient quantum modular exponentiation method is indispensible for Shor's factoring algorithm. But we find that all descriptions presented by Shor, Nielsen and Chuang, Markov and Saeedi, et al., are flawed. We also remark that some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-09 Zhengjun Cao , Zhenfu Cao , Lihua Liu

We study the results of a compiled version of Shor's factoring algorithm on the ibmqx5 superconducting chip, for the particular case of $N=15$, $21$ and $35$. The semi-classical quantum Fourier transform is used to implement the algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Mirko Amico , Zain H. Saleem , Muir Kumph

We formulate and numerically simulate the single control qubit Shor algorithm for the case of static imperfections induced by residual couplings between qubits. This allows us to study the accuracy of Shor's algorithm with respect to these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-15 Ignacio Garcia-Mata , Klaus M. Frahm , Dima L. Shepelyansky