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Large language models have recently shown promise for multimodal recommendation, particularly with text and image inputs. Yet real-world recommendation signals extend far beyond these modalities. To reflect this, we formalize recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Zijie Lei , Tao Feng , Zhigang Hua , Yan Xie , Guanyu Lin , Shuang Yang , Ge Liu , Jiaxuan You

Reranking is a critical component in many information retrieval pipelines. Despite remarkable progress in text-only settings, multimodal reranking remains challenging, particularly when the candidate set contains hybrid text and image…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yupei Yang , Lin Yang , Wanxi Deng , Lin Qu , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

Learned image compression methods have shown impressive performance but are often highly specialized for either human perception or specific machine vision tasks. This specialization limits their versatility and requires costly retraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinming Liu , Yuntao Wei , Junyan Lin , Shengyang Zhao , Heming Sun , Zhibo Chen , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Vision-language models (VLMs) offer flexible object detection through natural language prompts but suffer from performance variability depending on prompt phrasing. In this paper, we introduce a method for automated prompt refinement using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Lucas Choi , Ross Greer

We propose a margin-based loss for tuning joint vision-language models so that their gradient-based explanations are consistent with region-level annotations provided by humans for relatively smaller grounding datasets. We refer to this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ziyan Yang , Kushal Kafle , Franck Dernoncourt , Vicente Ordonez

Multimodal semantic communication has gained widespread attention due to its ability to enhance downstream task performance. A key challenge in such systems is the effective fusion of features from different modalities, which requires the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Haoshuo Zhang , Yufei Bo , Hongwei Zhang , Meixia Tao

The task of image captioning demands an algorithm to generate natural language descriptions of visual inputs. Recent advancements have seen a convergence between image captioning research and the development of Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Davide Bucciarelli , Nicholas Moratelli , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Existing multimodal retrieval benchmarks primarily focus on evaluating whether models can retrieve and utilize external textual knowledge for question answering. However, there are scenarios where retrieving visual information is either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Wenbo Hu , Jia-Chen Gu , Zi-Yi Dou , Mohsen Fayyaz , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in image classification by training with large-scale paired image-text data. Their performances largely depend on the prompt quality. While recent methods show that visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xiangyan Qu , Gaopeng Gou , Jiamin Zhuang , Jing Yu , Kun Song , Qihao Wang , Yili Li , Gang Xiong

Recent multimodal LLMs have shown promise in chart-based visual question answering, but their performance declines sharply on unannotated charts-those requiring precise visual interpretation rather than relying on textual shortcuts. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Rachneet Kaur , Nishan Srishankar , Zhen Zeng , Sumitra Ganesh , Manuela Veloso

Multi-image Interleaved Reasoning aims to improve Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) ability to jointly comprehend and reason across multiple images and their associated textual contexts, introducing unique challenges beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hang Du , Jiayang Zhang , Guoshun Nan , Wendi Deng , Zhenyan Chen , Chenyang Zhang , Wang Xiao , Shan Huang , Yuqi Pan , Tao Qi , Sicong Leng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios where user-provided images are often imperfect, requiring active image manipulations such as cropping, editing, or enhancement to uncover salient…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can process text presented as images, yet they often perform worse than when the same content is provided as textual tokens. We systematically diagnose this "modality gap" by evaluating seven MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kaiser Sun , Xiaochuang Yuan , Hongjun Liu , Chen Zhao , Cheng Zhang , Mark Dredze , Fan Bai

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) represents the latest incarnation of pre-trained vision-language models. Although CLIP has recently shown its superior power on a wide range of downstream vision-language tasks like Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Sinuo Deng , Lifang Wu , Ge Shi , Lehao Xing , Meng Jian , Ye Xiang

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is designed to promote research on abstract reasoning, a fundamental aspect of human intelligence. Common approaches to ARC treat it as a language-oriented problem, addressed by large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Keya Hu , Ali Cy , Linlu Qiu , Xiaoman Delores Ding , Runqian Wang , Yeyin Eva Zhu , Jacob Andreas , Kaiming He

We investigated visual reasoning limitations of both multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and image generation models (IGMs) by creating a novel benchmark to systematically compare failure modes across image-to-text and text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aahana Basappa , Pranay Goel , Anusri Karra , Anish Karra , Asa Gilmore , Kevin Zhu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from cross-modal hallucinations, where one modality inappropriately influences generation about another, leading to fabricated output. This exposes a more fundamental deficiency in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Sangyun Chung , Se Yeon Kim , Youngchae Chee , Yong Man Ro

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of vision-language tasks, yet their internal processing dynamics remain underexplored. In this work, we introduce a probing framework to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhuoran Yu , Yong Jae Lee

We present LLaVAC, a method for constructing a classifier for multimodal sentiment analysis. This method leverages fine-tuning of the Large Language and Vision Assistant (LLaVA) to predict sentiment labels across both image and text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 T. Chay-intr , Y. Chen , K. Viriyayudhakorn , T. Theeramunkong

Text-to-image generative models excel in creating images from text but struggle with ensuring alignment and consistency between outputs and prompts. This paper introduces TextMatch, a novel framework that leverages multimodal optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yucong Luo , Mingyue Cheng , Jie Ouyang , Xiaoyu Tao , Qi Liu