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Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems have been widely used in various of application scenarios. Designing an OCR system is still a challenging task. In previous work, we proposed a practical ultra lightweight OCR system (PP-OCR) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Yuning Du , Chenxia Li , Ruoyu Guo , Cheng Cui , Weiwei Liu , Jun Zhou , Bin Lu , Yehua Yang , Qiwen Liu , Xiaoguang Hu , Dianhai Yu , Yanjun Ma

Traditional image classification requires a predefined list of semantic categories. In contrast, Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) can sidestep this requirement by classifying images directly using natural language (e.g., answering the prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Alessandro Conti , Massimiliano Mancini , Enrico Fini , Yiming Wang , Paolo Rota , Elisa Ricci

Multimodal embedding models have been crucial in enabling various downstream tasks such as semantic similarity, information retrieval, and clustering over different modalities. However, existing multimodal embeddings like VLM2Vec, E5-V, GME…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Rui Meng , Ziyan Jiang , Ye Liu , Mingyi Su , Xinyi Yang , Yuepeng Fu , Can Qin , Zeyuan Chen , Ran Xu , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou , Wenhu Chen , Semih Yavuz

Out-of-context (OOC) detection is a challenging task involving identifying images and texts that are irrelevant to the context in which they are presented. Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are effective at various tasks, including image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Fatma Shalabi , Hichem Felouat , Huy H. Nguyen , Isao Echizen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation across various domains. However, their ability to replicate complex, multi-panel visualizations from real-world data remains largely unassessed. To…

Recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has substantially improved document understanding, yet strong optical character recognition (OCR) performance on surface metrics does not guarantee faithful preservation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yueru He , Xueqing Peng , Yupeng Cao , Yan Wang , Lingfei Qian , Haohang Li , Yi Han , Shuyao Wang , Ruoyu Xiang , Fan Zhang , Zhuohan Xie , Mingquan Lin , Prayag Tiwari , Jimin Huang , Guojun Xiong , Sophia Ananiadou

Comprehensive evaluation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has recently garnered widespread attention in the research community. However, we observe that existing benchmarks present several common barriers that make it difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yi-Fan Zhang , Huanyu Zhang , Haochen Tian , Chaoyou Fu , Shuangqing Zhang , Junfei Wu , Feng Li , Kun Wang , Qingsong Wen , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin , Tieniu Tan

While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel in general visual tasks, their deployment in specialized financial contexts remains insufficient. Existing benchmarks prioritize isolated charts, often overlooking the need to integrate data from…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiayong Zhu , Jiangtong Li , Jinru Ding , Dawei Cheng , Jie Xu , Feng Yu

Multimodal document retrieval aims to identify and retrieve various forms of multimodal content, such as figures, tables, charts, and layout information from extensive documents. Despite its increasing popularity, there is a notable lack of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kuicai Dong , Yujing Chang , Xin Deik Goh , Dexun Li , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Industrial Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depend on optical character recognition (OCR) to transform visual documents into text. Existing OCR benchmarks rely on character-level metrics, which inadequately measure downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lin Sun , Wang Dexian , Jingang Huang , Linglin Zhang , Change Jia , Zhengwei Cheng , Xiangzheng Zhang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across various medical applications. Building on this foundation, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate LLMs with visual models to process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiaoyi Liang , Mouxiao Bian , Moxin Chen , Lihao Liu , Junjun He , Jie Xu , Lin Li

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Document parsing is now widely used in applications, such as large-scale document digitization, retrieval-augmented generation, and domain-specific pipelines in healthcare and education. Benchmarking these models is crucial for assessing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Deniz Yılmaz , Evren Ayberk Munis , Çağrı Toraman , Süha Kağan Köse , Burak Aktaş , Mehmet Can Baytekin , Bilge Kaan Görür

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated significant potential as generalists in vision-language (VL) tasks. However, adoption of LMMs in real-world tasks is hindered by their poor performance in tasks that require a combination of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zhoutong Ye , Mingze Sun , Huan-ang Gao , Xutong Wang , Xiangyang Wang , Yu Mei , Chang Liu , Qinwei Li , Chengwen Zhang , Qinghuan Lan , Chun Yu , Yuanchun Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as sentiment analysis, content generation, and personalized recommendations. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , Jessica López Espejel , Merieme Bouhandi , Walid Dahhane , El Hassane Ettifouri

Large language models (LLMs) are equipped with increasingly extended context windows recently, yet their long context understanding capabilities over long dependency tasks remain fundamentally limited and underexplored. This gap is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ziyuan He , Yuxuan Wang , Jiaqi Li , Kexin Liang , Muhan Zhang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning, complex optimization tasks remain challenging, requiring domain knowledge and robust implementation. However, existing benchmarks focus narrowly on Mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Xinyu Zhang , Boxuan Zhang , Yuchen Wan , Lingling Zhang , YiXing Yao , Bifan Wei , Yaqiang Wu , Jun Liu

Text is ubiquitous in our visual world, conveying crucial information, such as in documents, websites, and everyday photographs. In this work, we propose UReader, a first exploration of universal OCR-free visually-situated language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jiabo Ye , Anwen Hu , Haiyang Xu , Qinghao Ye , Ming Yan , Guohai Xu , Chenliang Li , Junfeng Tian , Qi Qian , Ji Zhang , Qin Jin , Liang He , Xin Alex Lin , Fei Huang

Occlusion perception, a critical foundation for human-level spatial understanding, embodies the challenge of integrating visual recognition and reasoning. Though multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhaochen Liu , Kaiwen Gao , Shuyi Liang , Bin Xiao , Limeng Qiao , Lin Ma , Tingting Jiang

The ability to understand and answer questions over documents can be useful in many business and practical applications. However, documents often contain lengthy and diverse multimodal contents such as texts, figures, and tables, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yew Ken Chia , Liying Cheng , Hou Pong Chan , Chaoqun Liu , Maojia Song , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Soujanya Poria , Lidong Bing