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Generating samples from a probability distribution is a fundamental task in machine learning and statistics. This article proposes a novel scheme for sampling from a distribution for which the probability density $\mu({\bf x})$ for ${\bf…

Computation · Statistics 2024-05-22 Hanwen Huang

Diffusion models generate samples by denoising along the score of a perturbed target distribution. In practice, one trains a neural diffusion model, which is computationally expensive. Recent work suggests that score matching implicitly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Zhenyu Yao , Daniel Paulin

This paper introduces a novel theoretical simplification of the Diffusion Schr\"odinger Bridge (DSB) that facilitates its unification with Score-based Generative Models (SGMs), addressing the limitations of DSB in complex data generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhicong Tang , Tiankai Hang , Shuyang Gu , Dong Chen , Baining Guo

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Score-based diffusion models, while achieving remarkable empirical performance, often suffer from low sampling speed, due to extensive function evaluations needed during the sampling phase. Despite a flurry of recent activities towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Gen Li , Yu Huang , Timofey Efimov , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

We present simulation-free score and flow matching ([SF]$^2$M), a simulation-free objective for inferring stochastic dynamics given unpaired samples drawn from arbitrary source and target distributions. Our method generalizes both the…

Score-based diffusion models (SBDM) have recently emerged as state-of-the-art approaches for image generation. Existing SBDMs are typically formulated in a finite-dimensional setting, where images are considered as tensors of finite size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Paul Hagemann , Sophie Mildenberger , Lars Ruthotto , Gabriele Steidl , Nicole Tianjiao Yang

This paper studies the original discrete-time denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) from a probabilistic point of view. We present three main theoretical results. First, we show that the time-dependent score function associated…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Yumiharu Nakano

Deep Ensemble (DE) approach is a straightforward technique used to enhance the performance of deep neural networks by training them from different initial points, converging towards various local optima. However, a limitation of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Hyunsu Kim , Jongmin Yoon , Juho Lee

This study investigates the dynamics of Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) by treating the score estimation error as a stochastic source driving the Fokker-Planck equation. Departing from particle-centric SDE analyses, we employ an SPDE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junsu Seo

Accurate imputation is essential for the reliability and success of downstream tasks. Recently, diffusion models have attracted great attention in this field. However, these models neglect the latent distribution in a lower-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Guojun Liang , Najmeh Abiri , Atiye Sadat Hashemi , Jens Lundström , Stefan Byttner , Prayag Tiwari

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have revolutionized the field of generative modeling, achieving unprecedented success in generating realistic and diverse content. Despite empirical advances, the theoretical basis for why optimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

Recent developments in generative modeling have utilized score-based methods coupled with stochastic differential equations to sample from complex probability distributions. However, these and other performant sampling methods generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bryan Riel , Tobias Bischoff

Diffusion-based models have shown great promise in molecular generation but often require a large number of sampling steps to generate valid samples. In this paper, we introduce a novel Straight-Line Diffusion Model (SLDM) to tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuyan Ni , Shikun Feng , Haohan Chi , Bowen Zheng , Huan-ang Gao , Wei-Ying Ma , Zhi-Ming Ma , Yanyan Lan

We propose a novel framework for adaptively learning the time-evolving solutions of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) using score-based diffusion models within a recursive Bayesian inference setting. SPDEs play a central…

Computation · Statistics 2025-08-12 Toan Huynh , Ruth Lopez Fajardo , Guannan Zhang , Lili Ju , Feng Bao

Diffusion models achieve strong generation quality, diversity, and distribution coverage, but their performance often comes with expensive inference. In this work, we propose Stochastic Transition-Map Distillation (STMD), a teacher-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 George Rapakoulias , Peter Garud , Lingjiong Zhu , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Generative models for quantum data pose significant challenges but hold immense potential in fields such as chemoinformatics and quantum physics. Quantum denoising diffusion probabilistic models (QuDDPMs) enable efficient learning of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Quoc Hoan Tran , Koki Chinzei , Yasuhiro Endo , Hirotaka Oshima

We study generative modeling for time series using entropic optimal transport and the Schr\"odinger bridge (SB) framework, with a focus on applications in finance and energy modeling. Extending the diffusion-based approach of Hamdouche,…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-24 Stefano De Marco , Huyên Pham , Davide Zanni

Recently, diffusion-based generative models have demonstrated remarkable performance in speech enhancement tasks. However, these methods still encounter challenges, including the lack of structural information and poor performance in low…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Siyi Wang , Siyi Liu , Andrew Harper , Paul Kendrick , Mathieu Salzmann , Milos Cernak

We survey continuous-time generative modeling methods based on transporting a simple reference distribution to a data distribution via stochastic or deterministic dynamics. We present a unified framework in which diffusion models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Aditya Ranganath , Mukesh Singhal