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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a popular solution to mitigate the hallucination issues of large language models. However, existing studies on RAG seldom address the issue of predictive uncertainty, i.e., how likely it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Lu Chen , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a crucial approach for enhancing the responses of large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge sources. Despite the impressive performance in complex question-answering tasks, RAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haosheng Qian , Yixing Fan , Jiafeng Guo , Ruqing Zhang , Qi Chen , Dawei Yin , Xueqi Cheng

Existing research on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) primarily focuses on improving overall question-answering accuracy, often overlooking the quality of sub-claims within generated responses. Recent methods that attempt to improve RAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Naihe Feng , Yi Sui , Shiyi Hou , Jesse C. Cresswell , Ga Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by providing access to external knowledge. However, current research primarily focuses on retrieval quality, often overlooking the critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Yuxi Zhang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access broader knowledge sources, yet factual inconsistencies persist due to noise in retrieved documents-even with advanced retrieval methods. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongjian Li , HaoCheng Chu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Ruobing Wang , Sen Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is susceptible to retrieval corruption attacks, where malicious passages injected into retrieval results can lead to inaccurate model responses. We propose RobustRAG, the first defense framework with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Chong Xiang , Tong Wu , Zexuan Zhong , David Wagner , Danqi Chen , Prateek Mittal

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds language models in factual evidence but introduces critical challenges regarding knowledge conflicts between internalized parameters and retrieved information. However, existing reliability…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sunguk Shin , Meeyoung Cha , Byung-Jun Lee , Sungwon Park

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remain brittle under realistic retrieval noise, even when the required evidence appears in the top-K results. A key reason is that retrievers and rerankers optimize solely for relevance, often…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps large language models (LLMs) answer knowledge-intensive and time-sensitive questions by conditioning generation on external evidence. However, most RAG systems still retrieve unstructured chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiashuo Sun , Yixuan Xie , Jimeng Shi , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Unit testing attempts to validate the correctness of basic units of the software system under test and has a crucial role in software development and testing. Very recent work proposes a retrieve-and-edit approach to generate unit test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Yi Zheng , Ruixiang Qian , Shengcheng Yu , Yuan Zhao , Jianyi Zhou , Yun Yang , Tao Zheng , Zhenyu Chen

Bearing in mind the limited parametric knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs), retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) which supplies them with the relevant external knowledge has served as an approach to mitigate the issue of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Hanna Zubkova , Ji-Hoon Park , Seong-Whan Lee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a powerful framework for enhancing large language models in knowledge-intensive and reasoning tasks. However, as reasoning chains deepen or search trees expand, RAG systems often face two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Shuguang Jiao , Xinyu Xiao , Yunfan Wei , Shuhan Qi , Chengkai Huang , Quan Z. Michael Sheng , Lina Yao

Retrieval-augmented LLMs are deployed for tasks where evidence quality determines action safety, yet evaluation protocols assume that single-turn robustness predicts robustness when evidence accumulates across turns. We show this assumption…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhe Yu , Wenpeng Xing , Chen Ye , Xuyang Teng , Bo Yang , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is an umbrella of different components, design decisions, and domain-specific adaptations to enhance the capabilities of large language models and counter their limitations regarding hallucination and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Sebastian Simon , Alina Mailach , Johannes Dorn , Norbert Siegmund

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often struggle with imperfect retrieval, as traditional retrievers focus on lexical or semantic similarity rather than logical relevance. To address this, we propose \textbf{HopRAG}, a novel RAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hao Liu , Zhengren Wang , Xi Chen , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Qinhan Yu , Wentao Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been proposed to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), where generated outputs may be factually incorrect. However, existing RAG approaches predominantly rely on vector similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Miao Xie , Xiao Zhang , Yi Li , Chunli Lv

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the predominant paradigm for grounding Large Language Model outputs in factual knowledge, effectively mitigating hallucinations. However, conventional RAG systems operate under a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sergii Voloshyn

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external evidence, but it also introduces knowledge conflicts when retrieved contextual knowledge (CK) and parametric knowledge (PK) disagree or are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xi Zhu , Ziqi Wang , Kai Mei , Wujiang Xu , Minghao Guo , Bangji Yang , Jiajun Fan , Dimitris N. Metaxas