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Large decoder-based language models have become the dominant architecture for reward modeling in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, as reward models are increasingly deployed in test-time strategies, their inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sarah Pan

The performance of modern machine learning systems depends on access to large, high-quality datasets, often sourced from user-generated content or proprietary, domain-specific corpora. However, these rich datasets inherently contain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhan Shi , Yefeng Yuan , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cheng , Yi Fang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied to automate cyber security activities and processes including cyber investigation and digital forensics. However, the use of such models for cyber investigation and digital forensics should…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jonathan Pan , Swee Liang Wong , Xin Wei Chia , Yidi Yuan

The text-to-SQL problem aims to translate natural language questions into SQL statements to ease the interaction between database systems and end users. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in a…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Chen Shen , Jin Wang , Sajjadur Rahman , Eser Kandogan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in text-to-SQL, which involves translating natural language questions into SQL queries. However, current text-to-SQL LLMs are computationally expensive and challenging to deploy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Qihuang Zhong , Kunfeng Chen , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Recent advancements in large language models, multimodal large language models, and large audio language models (LALMs) have significantly improved their reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning with rule-based rewards.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Shu Wu , Chenxing Li , Wenfu Wang , Hao Zhang , Hualei Wang , Meng Yu , Dong Yu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate strong performance on complex tasks but often suffer from excessive verbosity, known as "overthinking." Existing solutions via reinforcement learning (RL) typically penalize generated tokens to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Canhui Wu , Qiong Cao , Chang Li , Zhenfang Wang , Chao Xue , Yuwei Fan , Wei Xi , Xiaodong He

Query rewriting, the process of transforming queries into semantically equivalent yet more efficient variants, is crucial for database optimization. Existing solutions predominantly rely on either rule-based heuristics or Large Language…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jiahui Li , Tongwang Wu , Yuren Mao , Rong Kang , Tieying Zhang , Yunjun Gao

Ensuring that reinforcement learning (RL) controllers satisfy safety and reliability constraints in real-world settings remains challenging: state-avoidance and constrained Markov decision processes often fail to capture trajectory-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Calin Belta , Ming C. Lin

Text-to-SQL conversion is a critical innovation, simplifying the transition from complex SQL to intuitive natural language queries, especially significant given SQL's prevalence in the job market across various roles. The rise of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tingkai Zhang , Chaoyu Chen , Cong Liao , Jun Wang , Xudong Zhao , Hang Yu , Jianchao Wang , Jianguo Li , Wenhui Shi

Best-of-N sampling is a powerful method for improving Large Language Model (LLM) performance, but it is often limited by its dependence on massive, text-based reward models. These models are not only computationally expensive but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jizhou Guo , Zhaomin Wu , Hanchen Yang , Philip S. Yu

Code-generating Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential tools in modern software development, enhancing productivity and accelerating development. This paper aims to investigate the fine-tuning of code-generating LLMs using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Marina Sakharova , Abhinav Anand , Mira Mezini

Recent strides in large language models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable performance, leveraging reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to significantly enhance generation and alignment capabilities. However, RLHF encounters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kuo Liao , Shuang Li , Meng Zhao , Liqun Liu , Mengge Xue , Zhenyu Hu , Honglin Han , Chengguo Yin

Recent divide-and-conquer reasoning approaches, particularly those based on Chain-of-Thought (CoT), have substantially improved the Text-to-SQL capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, when applied to complex enterprise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zhifeng Hao , Qibin Song , Ruichu Cai , Boyan Xu

Large Language Model-based (LLM-based) Text-to-SQL methods have achieved important progress in generating SQL queries for real-world applications. When confronted with table content-aware questions in real-world scenarios, ambiguous data…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Wenbo Xu , Liang Yan , Chuanyi Liu , Peiyi Han , Haifeng Zhu , Yong Xu , Yingwei Liang , Bob Zhang

Text-to-SQL, which maps natural language to SQL queries, has benefited greatly from recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs offer various paradigms for this task, including prompting and supervised fine-tuning (SFT), SFT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jinwang Song , Hongying Zan , Kunli Zhang , Lingling Mu , Yingjie Han , Haobo Hua , Min Peng

Text-to-SQL is a key natural language processing task that maps natural language questions to SQL queries, enabling intuitive interaction with web-based databases. Although current methods perform well on benchmarks like BIRD and Spider,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Tao Liu , Jiafan Lu , Bohan Yu , Pengcheng Wu , Liu Haixin , Guoyu Xu , Li Xiangheng , Lixiao Li , Jiaming Hou , Zhao Shijun , Xinglin Lyu , Kunli Zhang , Yuxiang Jia , Hongyin Zan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

Text-to-SQL enables users to interact with databases through natural language, simplifying the retrieval and synthesis of information. Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in converting natural language questions into SQL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Oleg Somov , Elena Tutubalina

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu
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