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The Functional Machine Calculus (Heijltjes 2022) is a new approach to unifying the imperative and functional programming paradigms. It extends the lambda-calculus, preserving the key features of confluent reduction and typed termination, to…
The Functional Machine Calculus (FMC) was recently introduced as a generalization of the lambda-calculus to include higher-order global state, probabilistic and non-deterministic choice, and input and output, while retaining confluence. The…
Recommendation from implicit feedback is a highly challenging task due to the lack of the reliable observed negative data. A popular and effective approach for implicit recommendation is to treat unobserved data as negative but downweight…
Weighted counting problems are a natural generalization of counting problems where a weight is associated with every computational path of polynomial-time non-deterministic Turing machines and the goal is to compute the sum of the weights…
While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…
We study extensions of expressive decidable fragments of first-order logic with circumscription, in particular the two-variable fragment FO$^2$, its extension C$^2$ with counting quantifiers, and the guarded fragment GF. We prove that if…
We propose an approach to lifted approximate inference for first-order probabilistic models, such as Markov logic networks. It is based on performing exact lifted inference in a simplified first-order model, which is found by relaxing…
Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant performance gains using advanced prompting techniques over various tasks. However, the increasing length of prompts leads to high computational costs and often obscures crucial…
Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) are trained to in-fill positions in randomly masked sequences, in contrast to next-token prediction models. Discussions around MDLMs focus on two benefits: (1) any-order decoding and 2) multi-token…
The finite satisfiability problem for the two-variable fragment of first-order logic interpreted over trees was recently shown to be ExpSpace-complete. We consider two extensions of this logic. We show that adding either additional binary…
The Calculus of Wrapped Compartments (CWC) is a variant of the Calculus of Looping Sequences (CLS). While keeping the same expressiveness, CWC strongly simplifies the development of automatic tools for the analysis of biological systems.…
Weighted finite-state machines are a fundamental building block of NLP systems. They have withstood the test of time -- from their early use in noisy channel models in the 1990s up to modern-day neurally parameterized conditional random…
Pseudo-Boolean model counting involves computing the number of satisfying assignments of a given pseudo-Boolean (PB) formula. In recent years, PB model counting has seen increased interest partly owing to the succinctness of PB formulas…
A central topic in mathematical logic is the classification of theorems from mathematics in hierarchies according to their logical strength. Ideally, the place of a theorem in a hierarchy does not depend on the representation (aka coding)…
Counterfactual reasoning, a hallmark of intelligence, consists of three steps: inferring latent variables from observations (abduction), constructing alternatives (interventions), and predicting their outcomes (prediction). This skill is…
This work presents a purely data-driven, wavelet-based framework for modal identification and reduced-order modeling of mechanical systems with assumed linear dynamics characterized by closely spaced modes with classical or non-classical…
In recent years, G\"odel's ontological proof and variations of it were formalized and analyzed with automated tools in various ways. We supplement these analyses with a modeling in an automated environment based on first-order logic…
In this paper we introduce a new approach for approximately counting in bounded degree systems with higher-order constraints. Our main result is an algorithm to approximately count the number of solutions to a CNF formula $\Phi$ when the…
Euclidean distance matrix optimization with ordinal constraints (EDMOC) has found important applications in sensor network localization and molecular conformation. It can also be viewed as a matrix formulation of multidimensional scaling,…
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a semisimple Lie algebra over $\mathbb{C}$ having rank $l$ and let $V=L(\lambda)$ be an irreducible finite-dimensional $\mathfrak{g}$-module having highest weight $\lambda.$ Computations of weight multiplicities in…