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Graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown greater promise for human-interaction. However, due to the high fine-tuning cost, users often rely on open-source GUI agents or APIs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pengzhou Cheng , Haowen Hu , Zheng Wu , Zongru Wu , Tianjie Ju , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

AI agents are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection attacks, where malicious instructions embedded in external content or tool outputs cause unintended or harmful behavior. Inspired by the well-established concept of firewalls, we show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Rishika Bhagwatkar , Kevin Kasa , Abhay Puri , Gabriel Huang , Irina Rish , Graham W. Taylor , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham , Alexandre Lacoste

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence and machine learning through their advanced text processing and generating capabilities. However, their widespread deployment has raised significant safety and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jing Cui , Yishi Xu , Zhewei Huang , Shuchang Zhou , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang

Ensuring the safe use of agentic systems requires a thorough understanding of the range of malicious behaviors these systems may exhibit when under attack. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of LLM-based agentic systems against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jonathan Nöther , Adish Singla , Goran Radanovic

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to red teaming attacks, which can induce LLMs to generate harmful content. Previous research constructs attack prompts via manual or automatic methods, which have their own limitations on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Boyi Deng , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Yang Deng , Qifan Wang , Xiangnan He

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in applications such as automated content generation and even critical decision-making systems. However, the risk of prompt injection allows for potential manipulation of LLM outputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Jiashuo Liang , Guancheng Li , Yang Yu

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into high-stakes domains necessitates reliable safety and compliance evaluation. However, existing static benchmarks are ill-equipped to address the dynamic nature of AI risks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yixu Wang , Xin Wang , Yang Yao , Xinyuan Li , Xibang Yang , Yan Teng , Xingjun Ma , Yingchun Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have catalyzed progress in embodied intelligence, a fundamental gap between their inherent probabilistic uncertainty and the strict determinism and verifiable safety required in the physical world. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tiehan Cui , Peipei Liu , Yanxu Mao , Congying Liu , Mingzhe Xing , Datao You

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated advanced capabilities in real-world agentic applications. Growing research efforts aim to develop LLM-based agents to address practical demands, introducing a new challenge: agentic scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yunjia Qi , Hao Peng , Xiaozhi Wang , Amy Xin , Youfeng Liu , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

Large language model agents now act on codebases, browsers, operating systems, calendars, files, and tool ecosystems, but their evaluations often collapse behavior into final task success. AgentAtlas reframes agent evaluation as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Parsa Mazaheri , Kasra Mazaheri

Given the growing influence of language model-based agents on high-stakes societal decisions, from public policy to healthcare, ensuring their beneficial impact requires understanding the far-reaching implications of their suggestions. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chenkai Sun , Denghui Zhang , ChengXiang Zhai , Heng Ji

Most LLM safety work studies single-agent models, but many real applications rely on multiple interacting agents. In these systems, prompt segmentation and inter-agent routing create attack surfaces that single-agent evaluations miss. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nokimul Hasan Arif , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited great potential in autonomously completing tasks across real-world applications. Despite this, these LLM agents introduce unexpected safety risks when operating in interactive environments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tongxin Yuan , Zhiwei He , Lingzhong Dong , Yiming Wang , Ruijie Zhao , Tian Xia , Lizhen Xu , Binglin Zhou , Fangqi Li , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Gongshen Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to be increasingly applied across various domains, their widespread adoption necessitates rigorous monitoring to prevent unintended negative consequences and ensure robustness. Furthermore, LLMs must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Seshu Tirupathi , Dhaval Salwala , Elizabeth Daly , Inge Vejsbjerg

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled intelligent agents from reactive responses to proactive support. While promising, existing proactive agents either rely exclusively on observations from enclosed environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bufang Yang , Lilin Xu , Liekang Zeng , Kaiwei Liu , Siyang Jiang , Wenrui Lu , Hongkai Chen , Xiaofan Jiang , Guoliang Xing , Zhenyu Yan

Modern Large audio-language models (LALMs) power intelligent voice interactions by tightly integrating audio and text. This integration, however, expands the attack surface beyond text and introduces vulnerabilities in the continuous,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Meng Chen , Kun Wang , Li Lu , Jiaheng Zhang , Tianwei Zhang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various applications, they are also susceptible to jailbreaking attacks. Several primary defense strategies have been proposed to protect LLMs from producing harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yichuan Mo , Yuji Wang , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

Large scale Speech Language Models have enabled voice assistants capable of understanding natural spoken queries and performing complex tasks. However, existing speech benchmarks largely focus on isolated capabilities such as transcription…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Dhruv Jain , Harshit Shukla , Gautam Rajeev , Ashish Kulkarni , Chandra Khatri , Shubham Agarwal
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