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Audio Language Models (ALMs) have recently shown strong capabilities in unified reasoning over speech, sound, and natural language; yet they inherit behavioral issues observed in Large Language Models, including sycophancy--the tendency to…

Long-form audio understanding poses significant challenges for large audio language models (LALMs) due to the extreme length of audio sequences and the need to reason over heterogeneous acoustic cues distributed over time, such as speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Masao Someki , Chien-yu Huang , Siddhant Arora , Samuele Cornell , Markus Müller , Nathan Susanj , Rupak V Swaminathan , Grant P Strimel , Jing Liu , Shinji Watanabe

Existing vision-language understanding benchmarks largely consist of images of objects in their usual contexts. As a consequence, recent multimodal large language models can perform well with only a shallow visual understanding by relying…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in understanding long-context inputs. However, benchmarks for evaluating the long-context reasoning abilities of LLMs fall behind the pace. Existing benchmarks often focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Kai Yan , Yifan Yang , Weijian Lin , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Despite rapid progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models and Large Audio-Language Models, existing audio benchmarks largely test semantics that can be recovered from text captions, masking deficits in fine-grained perceptual reasoning.…

Recent advances in audio-language models have demonstrated remarkable success on short, segment-level speech tasks. However, real-world applications such as meeting transcription, spoken document understanding, and conversational analysis…

Speech inherently contains rich acoustic information that extends far beyond the textual language. In real-world spoken language understanding, effective interpretation often requires integrating semantic meaning (e.g., content),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dingdong Wang , Junan Li , Jincenzi Wu , Dongchao Yang , Xueyuan Chen , Tianhua Zhang , Helen Meng

The sequential structure of videos poses a challenge to the ability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to locate multi-frame evidence and conduct multimodal reasoning. However, existing video benchmarks mainly focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Kejian Zhu , Zhuoran Jin , Hongbang Yuan , Jiachun Li , Shangqing Tu , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Existing multimodal retrieval benchmarks largely emphasize semantic matching on daily-life images and offer limited diagnostics of professional knowledge and complex reasoning. To address this gap, we introduce ARK, a benchmark designed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yijie Lin , Guofeng Ding , Haochen Zhou , Haobin Li , Mouxing Yang , Xi Peng

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly capable of reasoning over audio. However, existing benchmarks provide limited coverage of reasoning in polyphonic audio, where multiple sound events co-occur and induce compositional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Yuanjian Chen , Yang Xiao , Han Yin , Xubo Liu , Jinjie Huang , Ting Dang

We introduce Rank1, the first reranking model trained to take advantage of test-time compute. Rank1 demonstrates the applicability within retrieval of using a reasoning language model (i.e. OpenAI's o1, Deepseek's R1, etc.) for distillation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Orion Weller , Kathryn Ricci , Eugene Yang , Andrew Yates , Dawn Lawrie , Benjamin Van Durme

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

We introduce MRMR, the first expert-level multidisciplinary multimodal retrieval benchmark requiring intensive reasoning. MRMR contains 1,502 queries spanning 23 domains, with positive documents carefully verified by human experts. Compared…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Siyue Zhang , Yuan Gao , Xiao Zhou , Yilun Zhao , Tingyu Song , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

Recently, instruction-following audio-language models have received broad attention for human-audio interaction. However, the absence of benchmarks capable of evaluating audio-centric interaction capabilities has impeded advancements in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-29 Qian Yang , Jin Xu , Wenrui Liu , Yunfei Chu , Ziyue Jiang , Xiaohuan Zhou , Yichong Leng , Yuanjun Lv , Zhou Zhao , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

Text-to-video retrieval enables users to find relevant video content using natural language queries, a task that has grown increasingly important with the rapid expansion of online video. Over the past six years, research has produced…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong instruction-following capabilities in text-based tasks. However, this ability often deteriorates in multimodal models after alignment with non-text modalities such as images or audio.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yiming Gao , Bin Wang , Chengwei Wei , Shuo Sun , AiTi Aw

We present Task 5 of the DCASE 2025 Challenge: an Audio Question Answering (AQA) benchmark spanning multiple domains of sound understanding. This task defines three QA subsets (Bioacoustics, Temporal Soundscapes, and Complex QA) to test…

Large audio language models (LALMs) leverage multimodal representations to generate open-ended answers to natural language queries about audio. In this paper, we (1) provide empirical evidence that assessment of LALMs using the popular…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Daniel Chenyu Lin , Michael Freeman , John Thickstun

Recent literature uses language to build foundation models for audio. These Audio-Language Models (ALMs) are trained on a vast number of audio-text pairs and show remarkable performance in tasks including Text-to-Audio Retrieval,…

In current Large Language Models we can trust the production of smoothly flowing prose on the basis of the principles of machine learning. However, there is no comparably principled basis to justify trust in the content of the text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Leslie G. Valiant