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Let $G$ be a finite group. A number of graphs with the vertex set $G$ have been studied, including the power graph, enhanced power graph, and commuting graph. These graphs form a hierarchy under the inclusion of edge sets, and it is useful…

The prime graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ (also known as the Gruenberg-Kegel graph) has as its vertices the prime divisors of $|G|$, and $p\text-q$ is an edge in $\Gamma(G)$ if and only if $G$ has an element of order $pq$. Since…

Let $G$ be a finite group and $N(G)$ be the set of its conjugacy class sizes excluding~$1$. Let us define a directed graph $\Gamma(G)$, the set of vertices of this graph is $N(G)$ and the vertices $x$ and $y$ are connected by a directed…

Let $G$ be a finite group. For some fixed prime $p$, let $\Gamma_p(G)$ be the common divisor graph built on the set of sizes of $p$-regular conjugacy classes of $G$: this is the simple undirected graph whose vertices are the class sizes of…

A set $S$ of vertices in a graph $G(V,E)$ is called a dominating set if every vertex $v\in V$ is either an element of $S$ or is adjacent to an element of $S$. A set $S$ of vertices in a graph $G(V,E)$ is called a total dominating set if…

We consider Cayley sum graphs over the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and aim to explore several necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of total perfect codes in these graphs. Specifically, we examine various cases for the…

A {\it graph product} $G$ on a graph $\Gamma$ is a group defined as follows: For each vertex $v$ of $\Gamma$ there is a corresponding non-trivial group $G_v$. The group $G$ is the quotient of the free product of the $G_v$ by the commutation…

For a finite group $G$, we define the inclusion graph of subgroups of $G$, denoted by $\mathcal I(G)$, is a graph having all the proper subgroups of $G$ as its vertices and two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ in $\mathcal I(G)$ are adjacent…

In this paper we study prime graphs of finite groups. The prime graph of a finite group $G$, also known as the Gruenberg-Kegel graph, is the graph with vertex set {primes dividing $|G|$} and an edge $p$-$q$ if and only if there exists an…

For a finite group $G$, the vertices of the prime graph $\Gamma(G)$ are the primes that divide $|G|$, and two vertices $p$ and $q$ are connected by an edge if and only if there is an element of order $pq$ in $G$. Prime graphs of solvable…

For a finite group $G$, the proper power graph $\mathscr{P}^*(G)$ of $G$ is the graph whose vertices are non-trivial elements of $G$ and two vertices $u$ and $v$ are adjacent if and only if $u \neq v$ and $u^m=v$ or $v^m=u$ for some…

An identifying open code of a graph $G$ is a set $S$ of vertices that is both a separating open code (that is, $N_G(u) \cap S \ne N_G(v) \cap S$ for all distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ in $G$) and a total dominating set (that is, $N(v) \cap S…

For a finite group $G$ with a normal subgroup $H$, the normal subgroup based power graph of $G$, denoted by $\Gamma_H(G)$ whose vertex set $V(\Gamma_H(G))=(G\setminus H)\bigcup \{e\}$ and two vertices $a$ and $b$ are edge connected if…

Let $G$ be a finite group and $\sigma$ a partition of the set of all? primes $\Bbb{P}$, that is, $\sigma =\{\sigma_i \mid i\in I \}$, where $\Bbb{P}=\bigcup_{i\in I} \sigma_i$ and $\sigma_i\cap \sigma_j= \emptyset $ for all $i\ne j$. If $n$…

Let $G$ be a finite group. Denoting by ${\rm{cd}}(G)$ the set of the degrees of the irreducible complex characters of $G$, we consider the {\it character degree graph} of $G$: this is the (simple, undirected) graph whose vertices are the…

The prime coprime graph $\Theta(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is $G$ and any two distinct vertices are adjacent if the greatest common divisor of their orders is either $1$ or a prime. In this paper, we investigate…

There are a variety of ways to associate directed or undirected graphs to a group. It may be interesting to investigate the relations between the structure of these graphs and characterizing certain properties of the group in terms of some…

Let $G$ be a group. The prime index graph of $G$, denoted by $\Pi(G)$, is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all subgroups of $G$ and two distinct comparable vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if and only if the index of $H$ in $K$ or…

A dominating set in a graph $G$ is a set $S$ of vertices such that every vertex that does not belong to $S$ is adjacent to a vertex in $S$. The domination number $\gamma(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of $G$. The…

An identifying code $C$ of a graph $G$ is a dominating set of $G$ such that any two distinct vertices of $G$ have distinct closed neighbourhoods within $C$. The smallest size of an identifying code of $G$ is denoted $\gamma^{\text{ID}}(G)$.…