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Concepts play a pivotal role in various human cognitive functions, including learning, reasoning and communication. However, there is very little work on endowing machines with the ability to form and reason with concepts. In particular,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Chen Shani , Jilles Vreeken , Dafna Shahaf

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revitalized philosophical debates surrounding artificial intelligence. Two of the most fundamental challenges - namely, the Frame Problem and the Symbol Grounding Problem - have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shoko Oka

Reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence that plays a crucial role in activities such as problem solving, decision making, and critical thinking. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Jie Huang , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Do Large Language Models (LLMs) possess a Theory of Mind (ToM)? Research into this question has focused on evaluating LLMs against benchmarks and found success across a range of social tasks. However, these evaluations do not test for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 John Muchovej , Amanda Royka , Shane Lee , Julian Jara-Ettinger

Large language models (LLMs) encapsulate vast amounts of knowledge but still remain vulnerable to external misinformation. Existing research mainly studied this susceptibility behavior in a single-turn setting. However, belief can change…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Rongwu Xu , Brian S. Lin , Shujian Yang , Tianqi Zhang , Weiyan Shi , Tianwei Zhang , Zhixuan Fang , Wei Xu , Han Qiu

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

Communication among humans relies on conversational grounding, allowing interlocutors to reach mutual understanding even when they do not have perfect knowledge and must resolve discrepancies in each other's beliefs. This paper investigates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Clara Lachenmaier , Judith Sieker , Sina Zarrieß

Large Language Models (LLMs) have lately been on the spotlight of researchers, businesses, and consumers alike. While the linguistic capabilities of such models have been studied extensively, there is growing interest in investigating them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sotiris Lamprinidis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly criticized for not understanding language. However, many critiques focus on cognitive abilities that, in humans, are distinct from language processing. Here, we instead study a kind of understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Joseph M. Denning , Xiaohan Hannah Guo , Bryor Snefjella , Idan A. Blank

In the rapidly evolving field of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a critical need to thoroughly analyze their capabilities and risks. Central to our investigation are two novel elements. Firstly, it is the innovative parallels between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Jianqiiu Zhang

One open question in the study of Large Language Models (LLMs) is whether they can emulate human ethical reasoning and act as believable proxies for human judgment. To investigate this, we introduce a benchmark dataset comprising 196…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiashen , Du , Jesse Yao , Allen Liu , Zhekai Zhang

Abstract concepts - justice, theory, availability - have no single perceivable referent; in the human brain, their meaning emerges from a web of experiences, affect, and social context. Do large language models (LLMs) ground abstract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Odysseas S. Chlapanis , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis , Christos H. Papadimitriou

The performance of Large language models (LLMs) across a broad range of domains has been impressive but have been critiqued as not being able to reason about their process and conclusions derived. This is to explain the conclusions draw,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rob Sullivan , Nelly Elsayed

The cognitive mechanism by which Large Language Models (LLMs) solve mathematical problems remains a widely debated and unresolved issue. Currently, there is little interpretable experimental evidence that connects LLMs' problem-solving with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wei Xie , Shuoyoucheng Ma , Zhenhua Wang , Enze Wang , Kai Chen , Xiaobing Sun , Baosheng Wang

In the field of Artificial (General) Intelligence (AI), the several recent advancements in Natural language processing (NLP) activities relying on Large Language Models (LLMs) have come to encourage the adoption of LLMs as scientific models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Evelina Leivada , Vittoria Dentella , Elliot Murphy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to domains that require reasoning about other agents' behavior, such as negotiation, policy design, and market simulation, yet existing research has mostly evaluated their adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enric Junque de Fortuny , Veronica Roberta Cappelli

Anthropomorphism, or the attribution of human traits to technology, is an automatic and unconscious response that occurs even in those with advanced technical expertise. In this position paper, we analyze hundreds of thousands of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Lujain Ibrahim , Myra Cheng

Thanks to rapid progress in artificial intelligence, we have entered an era when technology and philosophy intersect in interesting ways. Sitting squarely at the centre of this intersection are large language models (LLMs). The more adept…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Murray Shanahan

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining artificial intelligence (AI) systems with human communication and everyday life. Thus, aligning them with human values is of great importance. However, given the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thilo Hagendorff

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly tasked with strategic decision-making under incomplete information, such as in negotiation and policymaking. While LLMs can excel at many such tasks, they also fail in ways that are poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jan Sobotka , Mustafa O. Karabag , Ufuk Topcu