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Defect prediction models are proposed to help a team prioritize source code areas files that need Software QualityAssurance (SQA) based on the likelihood of having defects. However, developers may waste their unnecessary effort on the whole…

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is useful for monitoring language models only when the reasoning trace faithfully reflects the computation that produces the final answer. However, models can rely on prompt-to-answer shortcuts that bypass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinghan Jia , Joe Benton , Eric Easley

Safety benchmarks are routinely treated as evidence about how a language model will behave once deployed, but this inference is fragile if behavior depends on whether a prompt looks like an evaluation. We define evaluation-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Florian A. D. Burnat , Brittany I. Davidson

Modern distributed systems rely on consensus protocols to build a fault-tolerant-core upon which they can build applications. Consensus protocols are correct under a specific failure model, where up to $f$ machines can fail. We argue that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Reginald Frank , Soujanya Ponnapalli , Octavio Lomeli , Neil Giridharan , Marcos K Aguilera , Natacha Crooks

This study reveals a previously unexplored vulnerability in the safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing aligned LLMs predominantly respond to unsafe queries with refusals, which often begin with a fixed set of prefixes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yangyang Guo , Ziwei Xu , Si Liu , Zhiming Zheng , Mohan Kankanhalli

AI coding assistants are now used to generate production code in security-sensitive domains, yet the exploitability of their outputs remains unquantified. We address this gap with Broken by Default: a formal verification study of 3,500 code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Dominik Blain , Maxime Noiseux

Large language model safety evaluation remains heavily English-centered, leaving low-resource languages under-measured even when models are deployed globally. We evaluate four open-weight instruction-tuned models on SomaliBench v0, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Khalid Yusuf Dahir

As the pre-trained language models (PLMs) continue to grow, so do the hardware and data requirements for fine-tuning PLMs. Therefore, the researchers have come up with a lighter method called \textit{Prompt Learning}. However, during the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yundi Shi , Piji Li , Changchun Yin , Zhaoyang Han , Lu Zhou , Zhe Liu

To deploy language models safely, it is crucial that they abstain from responding to inappropriate requests. Several prior studies test the safety promises of models based on their effectiveness in blocking malicious requests. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kinshuk Vasisht , Navreet Kaur , Danish Pruthi

Prompt design significantly impacts the moral competence and safety alignment of large language models (LLMs), yet empirical comparisons remain fragmented across datasets and models.We introduce ProMoral-Bench, a unified benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Rohan Subramanian Thomas , Shikhar Shiromani , Abdullah Chaudhry , Ruizhe Li , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu , Sunishchal Dev

Decentralized large language model inference networks require lightweight mechanisms to reward high quality outputs under heterogeneous latency and cost. Proof of Quality provides scalable verification by sampling evaluator nodes that score…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Arther Tian , Alex Ding , Frank Chen , Simon Wu , Aaron Chan

System Instructions in Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly used to enforce safety policies, define agent behavior, and protect sensitive operational context in agentic AI applications. These instructions may contain sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Anubhab Sahu , Diptisha Samanta , Reza Soosahabi

Detecting harmful AI actions is important as AI agents gain adoption. Chain-of-thought (CoT) monitoring is one method widely used to detect adversarial attacks and AI misalignment. However, attackers and misaligned models might evade CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shiyuan Guo , Henry Sleight , Fabien Roger

Current approaches to AI safety define red lines at the case level: specific prompts, specific outputs, specific harms. This paper argues that red lines can be set more fundamentally -- at the level of value, evidence, and source…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Seulki Lee

Background. During collaborative software development, developers often use branches to add features or fix bugs. When merging changes from two branches, conflicts may occur if the changes are inconsistent. Developers need to resolve these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Moein Owhadi-Kareshk , Sarah Nadi , Julia Rubin

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the code generation capabilities of ChatGPT, a prominent large language model, compared to human programmers. A novel dataset of 131 code-generation prompts across 5 categories was curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Muhammad Fawad Akbar Khan , Max Ramsdell , Erik Falor , Hamid Karimi

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems are rapidly emerging as the dominant architecture for enterprise AI automation, yet production deployments exhibit failure rates between 41% and 86.7%, with nearly 79% of failures originating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Vivek Acharya

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Code generation models based on the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm have been increasingly attempted by both academia and industry, resulting in well-known industrial models such as Codex, CodeGen, and PanGu-Coder. To evaluate the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Hao Yu , Bo Shen , Dezhi Ran , Jiaxin Zhang , Qi Zhang , Yuchi Ma , Guangtai Liang , Ying Li , Qianxiang Wang , Tao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in software engineering tasks. However, improving their accuracy in generating correct and reliable code remains challenging. Numerous prompt engineering techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Chung-Yu Wang , Alireza DaghighFarsoodeh , Hung Viet Pham
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