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When large language models are trained on private data, it can be a significant privacy risk for them to memorize and regurgitate sensitive information. In this work, we propose a new practical data extraction attack that we call "neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Ashwinee Panda , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Zhengming Zhang , Yaoqing Yang , Prateek Mittal

The need for secure and private Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) on edge and mobile devices has increased the necessity of protecting the architecture of these systems from threats to both security and privacy. With an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zisis Tsiatsikas , Alexandros Fakis , Georgios Karopoulos , Vasileios Kouliaridis , Marios Anagnostopoulos

Users increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs) for personal, emotionally charged, and socially sensitive conversations. However, prompts sent to cloud-hosted models can contain personally identifiable information (PII) that users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chelsea McMurray , Hayder Tirmazi

The recent growth in the use of Large Language Models has made them vulnerable to sophisticated adversarial assaults, manipulative prompts, and encoded malicious inputs. Existing countermeasures frequently necessitate retraining models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sheikh Samit Muhaimin , Spyridon Mastorakis

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has yielded impressive success in various downstream tasks. However, the vast potential and remarkable capabilities of LLMs also raise new security and privacy concerns if they are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jiawei Zhao , Kejiang Chen , Xiaojian Yuan , Yuang Qi , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

In membership inference attacks (MIAs), an adversary observes the predictions of a model to determine whether a sample is part of the model's training data. Existing MIA defenses conceal the presence of a target sample through strong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Ismat Jarin , Birhanu Eshete

Federated Learning (FL) enables clients to collaboratively train a global model using their local datasets while reinforcing data privacy, but it is prone to poisoning attacks. Existing defense mechanisms assume that clients' data are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mehdi Ben Ghali , Gouenou Coatrieux , Reda Bellafqira

Iterative jailbreak methods that repeatedly rewrite and input prompts into large language models (LLMs) to induce harmful outputs -- using the model's previous responses to guide each new iteration -- have been found to be a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Masahiro Kaneko , Zeerak Talat , Timothy Baldwin

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising phishing detection mechanism, addressing the limitations of traditional deep learning-based detectors, including poor generalization to previously unseen websites and a lack of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Fujiao Ji , Doowon Kim

The rapid advancement and widespread use of large language models (LLMs) have raised significant concerns regarding the potential leakage of personally identifiable information (PII). These models are often trained on vast quantities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Siwon Kim , Sangdoo Yun , Hwaran Lee , Martin Gubri , Sungroh Yoon , Seong Joon Oh

With the increasing use of conversational AI systems, there is growing concern over privacy leaks, especially when users share sensitive personal data in interactions with Large Language Models (LLMs). Conversations shared with these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jayden Serenari , Stephen Lee

Each month, more attacks are launched with the aim of making web users believe that they are communicating with a trusted entity which compels them to share their personal, financial information. Phishing costs Internet users billions of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Srishti Gupta , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

This paper introduces a novel self-consciousness defense mechanism for Large Language Models (LLMs) to combat prompt injection attacks. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on external classifiers, our method leverages the LLM's inherent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Boshi Huang , Fabio Nonato de Paula

LLM-powered chatbots are becoming widely adopted in applications such as healthcare, personal assistants, industry hiring decisions, etc. In many of these cases, chatbots are fed sensitive, personal information in their prompts, as samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Aman Priyanshu , Supriti Vijay , Ayush Kumar , Rakshit Naidu , Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various applications. The functionalities of recent LLMs can be flexibly modulated via natural language prompts. This renders them susceptible to targeted adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Kai Greshake , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shailesh Mishra , Christoph Endres , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

Device logs are essential for forensic investigations, enterprise monitoring, and fraud detection; however, they often leak personally identifiable information (PII) when exported for third-party analysis. Existing approaches either fail to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Sanket Goutam , Hunter Kippen , Mike Grace , Amir Rahmati

Website fingerprinting (WF) is a well-know threat to users' web privacy. New internet standards, such as QUIC, include padding to support defenses against WF. Previous work only analyzes the effectiveness of defenses when users are behind a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Sandra Siby , Ludovic Barman , Christopher Wood , Marwan Fayed , Nick Sullivan , Carmela Troncoso

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), including ChatGPT, is having a significant impact on a wide range of fields. While LLMs have been extensively researched for tasks such as code generation and text synthesis, their application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Takashi Koide , Naoki Fukushi , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

Model Inversion Attacks (MIAs) pose a significant threat to data privacy by reconstructing sensitive training samples from the knowledge embedded in trained machine learning models. Despite recent progress in enhancing the effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Hongyao Yu , Yixiang Qiu , Hao Fang , Tianqu Zhuang , Bin Chen , Sijin Yu , Bin Wang , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu

Concerns regarding Large Language Models (LLMs) to memorize and disclose private information, particularly Personally Identifiable Information (PII), become prominent within the community. Many efforts have been made to mitigate the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ruizhe Chen , Tianxiang Hu , Yang Feng , Zuozhu Liu