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Related papers: EvoJail: Evolutionary Diverse Jailbreak Prompt Gen…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely deployed, especially through free Web-based applications that expose them to diverse user-generated inputs, including those from long-tail distributions such as low-resource languages and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Wenjing Hong , Zhonghua Rong , Li Wang , Feng Chang , Jian Zhu , Ke Tang , Zexuan Zhu , Yew-Soon Ong

Jailbreak attacks reveal critical vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by causing them to generate harmful or unethical content. Evaluating these threats is particularly challenging due to the evolving nature of LLMs and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Peiyan Zhang , Haibo Jin , Liying Kang , Haohan Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning and generation tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. However, their explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) mechanism introduces new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jianan Li , Simeng Qin , Xiaojun Jia , Lionel Z. Wang , Tianhang Zheng , Xiaoshuang Jia , Yang Liu , Xiaochun Cao

Safety alignment mechanism are essential for preventing large language models (LLMs) from generating harmful information or unethical content. However, cleverly crafted prompts can bypass these safety measures without accessing the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Sunbowen Lee , Shiwen Ni , Chi Wei , Shuaimin Li , Liyang Fan , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Ruifeng Xu , Yicheng Gong , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs), used in creative writing, code generation, and translation, generate text based on input sequences but are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where crafted prompts induce harmful outputs. Most jailbreak prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Xiaoxia Li , Siyuan Liang , Jiyi Zhang , Han Fang , Aishan Liu , Ee-Chien Chang

In recent years, fueled by the rapid advancement of diffusion models, text-to-video (T2V) generation models have achieved remarkable progress, with notable examples including Pika, Luma, Kling, and Open-Sora. Although these models exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jiayang Liu , Siyuan Liang , Shiqian Zhao , Rongcheng Tu , Wenbo Zhou , Aishan Liu , Dacheng Tao , Siew Kei Lam

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in safety-critical applications, their vulnerability to potential jailbreaks -- malicious prompts that can disable the safety mechanism of LLMs -- has attracted growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Jiahao Zhang , Zilong Wang , Ruofan Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs) aim to induce LLMs to produce content that they are expected to refuse. Automated black-box jailbreak generation is especially important for safety evaluation, where the attacker observes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junke Zhang , Jianwei Wang , Sishuo Chen , Yizhang He , Qingshuai Feng , Zhengyi Yang

Modern large language model (LLM) developers typically conduct a safety alignment to prevent an LLM from generating unethical or harmful content. Recent studies have discovered that the safety alignment of LLMs can be bypassed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xuan Chen , Yuzhou Nie , Lu Yan , Yunshu Mao , Wenbo Guo , Xiangyu Zhang

While safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as the cornerstone for powerful systems such as multi-agent frameworks to solve complex real-world problems, they still suffer from potential adversarial queries, such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Miao Yu , Junfeng Fang , Yingjie Zhou , Xing Fan , Kun Wang , Shirui Pan , Qingsong Wen

Large language models have seen widespread adoption, yet they remain vulnerable to multi-turn jailbreak attacks, threatening their safe deployment. This has led to the task of training automated multi-turn attackers to probe model safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xiqiao Xiong , Ouxiang Li , Zhuo Liu , Moxin Li , Wentao Shi , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Large Language Models(LLMs) have been successful in numerous fields. Alignment has usually been applied to prevent them from harmful purposes. However, aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that deliberately mislead them into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shang Liu , Hanyu Pei , Zeyan Liu

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has brought both transformative applications and new security risks, including jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards to elicit harmful outputs. Existing automated jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Siyang Cheng , Gaotian Liu , Rui Mei , Yilin Wang , Kejia Zhang , Kaishuo Wei , Yuqi Yu , Weiping Wen , Xiaojie Wu , Junhua Liu

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to a targeted task efficiently and effectively remains a fundamental challenge. Such adaptation often requires iteratively improving the model toward a targeted task, yet collecting high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ting-Wei Li , Sirui Chen , Jiaru Zou , Yingbing Huang , Tianxin Wei , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Jailbreak attacks are crucial for identifying and mitigating the security vulnerabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). They are designed to bypass safeguards and elicit prohibited outputs. However, due to significant differences among…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das

Although safely enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tackling various complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks, particularly the unknown jailbreak attack. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Fan Liu , Zhao Xu , Hao Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) aligned with human feedback have recently garnered significant attention. However, it remains vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to induce harmful outputs. Exploring jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hongyi Li , Jiawei Ye , Jie Wu , Tianjie Yan , Chu Wang , Zhixin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly attracting attention in various applications. Nonetheless, there is a growing concern as some users attempt to exploit these models for malicious purposes, including the synthesis of controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chongwen Zhao , Zhihao Dou , Kaizhu Huang

Extensive work has been devoted to improving the safety mechanism of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, LLMs still tend to generate harmful responses when faced with malicious instructions, a phenomenon referred to as "Jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Ming Ma , Yuhan Chen , Bing Qin
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