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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful open-set reasoners, yet their direct use as anomaly detectors in video surveillance is fragile: without calibrated anomaly priors, they alternate between missed detections and hallucinated false…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Mohamed Eltahir , Ahmed O. Ibrahim , Obada Siralkhatim , Tabarak Abdallah , Sondos Mohamed

Recent advancements in reasoning capability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate its effectiveness in tackling complex visual tasks. However, existing MLLM-based Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) methods remain limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chao Huang , Benfeng Wang , Jie Wen , Chengliang Liu , Wei Wang , Li Shen , Xiaochun Cao

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is crucial for applications such as security surveillance and autonomous driving. However, existing VAD methods provide little rationale behind detection, hindering public trust in real-world deployments. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yuchen Yang , Kwonjoon Lee , Behzad Dariush , Yinzhi Cao , Shao-Yuan Lo

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to temporally locate abnormal events in a video. Existing works mostly rely on training deep models to learn the distribution of normality with either video-level supervision, one-class supervision, or in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Luca Zanella , Willi Menapace , Massimiliano Mancini , Yiming Wang , Elisa Ricci

The rapid advancement of vision-language models (VLMs) has established a new paradigm in video anomaly detection (VAD): leveraging VLMs to simultaneously detect anomalies and provide comprehendible explanations for the decisions. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Muchao Ye , Weiyang Liu , Pan He

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to localize abnormal events on the timeline of long-range surveillance videos. Anomaly-scoring-based methods have been prevailing for years but suffer from the high complexity of thresholding and low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hui Lv , Qianru Sun

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to identify anomalous events in videos and accurately determine their time intervals. Current VAD methods mainly fall into two categories: traditional DNN-based approaches that focus on temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Shibo Gao , Peipei Yang , Yangyang Liu , Yi Chen , Han Zhu , Xuyao Zhang , Linlin Huang

Explainable video anomaly detection (VAD) is crucial for safety-critical applications, yet even with recent progress, much of the research still lacks spatial grounding, making the explanations unverifiable. This limitation is especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Inpyo Song , Minjun Joo , Joonhyung Kwon , Eunji Jeon , Jangwon Lee

Existing Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) methods typically rely on task-specific training, leading to strong domain dependency and high training costs. Moreover, most existing methods output only scalar anomaly scores, providing limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Hyeongmuk Lim , Youngbum Hur

Video anomaly detection is a subject of great interest across industrial and academic domains due to its crucial role in computer vision applications. However, the inherent unpredictability of anomalies and the scarcity of anomaly samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Yalong Jiang , Liquan Mao

Video Anomaly Detection~(VAD) focuses on identifying anomalies within videos. Supervised methods require an amount of in-domain training data and often struggle to generalize to unseen anomalies. In contrast, training-free methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yihua Shao , Haojin He , Sijie Li , Siyu Chen , Xinwei Long , Fanhu Zeng , Yuxuan Fan , Muyang Zhang , Ziyang Yan , Ao Ma , Xiaochen Wang , Hao Tang , Yan Wang , Shuyan Li

Most video-anomaly research stops at frame-wise detection, offering little insight into why an event is abnormal, typically outputting only frame-wise anomaly scores without spatial or semantic context. Recent video anomaly localization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Dongheng Lin , Mengxue Qu , Kunyang Han , Jianbo Jiao , Xiaojie Jin , Yunchao Wei

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for video anomaly detection (VAD) due to their strong visual reasoning ability and natural language-based explainability. In this paper, we aim to address a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mitchell Piehl , Muchao Ye

Video anomaly detection (VAD) has witnessed significant advancements through the integration of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), addressing critical challenges such as interpretability, temporal reasoning, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xi Ding , Lei Wang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to identify unexpected events in videos and has wide applications in safety-critical domains. While semi-supervised methods trained on only normal samples have gained traction, they often suffer from high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zongcan Ding , Haodong Zhang , Peng Wu , Guansong Pang , Zhiwei Yang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

We introduce Text-based Explainable Video Anomaly Detection (TbVAD), a language-driven framework for weakly supervised video anomaly detection that performs anomaly detection and explanation entirely within the textual domain. Unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Hari Lee

Recent progress in reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models(MLLMs) has highlighted their potential for performing complex video understanding tasks. However, in the domain of Video Anomaly Detection and Understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chao Huang , Benfeng Wang , Wei Wang , Jie Wen , Li Shen , Wenqi Ren , Yong Xu , Xiaochun Cao

Semantic segmentation networks have achieved significant success under the assumption of independent and identically distributed data. However, these networks often struggle to detect anomalies from unknown semantic classes due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Liangyu Zhong , Joachim Sicking , Fabian Hüger , Hanno Gottschalk

Current visual grounding models are either based on a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that performs auto-regressive decoding, which is slow and risks hallucinations, or on re-aligning an LLM with vision features to learn new special…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Weitai Kang , Jason Kuen , Mengwei Ren , Zijun Wei , Yan Yan , Kangning Liu

Autonomous aerial robots operating in GPS-denied or communication-degraded environments frequently lose access to camera metadata and telemetry, leaving onboard perception systems unable to recover the absolute metric scale of the scene. As…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yifei Chen , Xupeng Chen , Feng Wang , Niangang Jiao , Jiayin Liu
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