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In Natural Language Interfaces to Databases systems, the text-to-SQL technique allows users to query databases by using natural language questions. Though significant progress in this area has been made recently, most parsers may fall short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Yuntao Li , Bei Chen , Qian Liu , Yan Gao , Jian-Guang Lou , Yan Zhang , Dongmei Zhang

The text-to-SQL task is an active challenge in Natural Language Processing. Many existing solutions focus on using black-box language models extended with specialized components within customized end-to-end text-to-SQL pipelines. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alicja Rączkowska , Riccardo Belluzzo , Piotr Zieliński , Joanna Baran , Paweł Olszewski

The goal of database question answering is to enable natural language querying of real-life relational databases in diverse application domains. Recently, large-scale datasets such as Spider and WikiSQL facilitated novel modeling techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Oleksandr Polozov , Matthew Richardson

Text-to-SQL, which translates a natural language question into an SQL query, has advanced with in-context learning of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods show little improvement in performance compared to randomly chosen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Jihyung Lee , Jin-Seop Lee , Jaehoon Lee , YunSeok Choi , Jee-Hyong Lee

Text-to-SQL aims to convert natural language questions into executable SQL queries. While previous approaches, such as skeleton-masked selection, have demonstrated strong performance by retrieving similar training examples to guide large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jimin Lee , Ingeol Baek , Byeongjeong Kim , Hyunkyung Bae , Hwanhee Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in assisting users to query databases in natural language. While LLM-based techniques provide state-of-the-art results on many standard benchmarks, their performance significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Nina Narodytska , Shay Vargaftik

Analyzing textual data is a very challenging task because of the huge volume of data generated daily. Fundamental issues in text analysis include the lack of structure in document datasets, the need for various preprocessing steps %(e.g.,…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Ciprian-Octavian Truică , Jérôme Darmont , Julien Velcin

The capability gap between open-source and closed-source large language models (LLMs) remains a challenge in text-to-SQL tasks. In this paper, we introduce a synthetic data approach that combines data produced by larger, more powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jiaxi Yang , Binyuan Hui , Min Yang , Jian Yang , Junyang Lin , Chang Zhou

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled in-context learning (ICL)-based methods that significantly outperform fine-tuning approaches for text-to-SQL tasks. However, their performance is still considerably lower than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Dongjun Lee , Choongwon Park , Jaehyuk Kim , Heesoo Park

With the development of the Large Language Models (LLMs), a large range of LLM-based Text-to-SQL(Text2SQL) methods have emerged. This survey provides a comprehensive review of LLM-based Text2SQL studies. We first enumerate classic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Liang Shi , Zhengju Tang , Nan Zhang , Xiaotong Zhang , Zhi Yang

Generating step-by-step "chain-of-thought" rationales has proven effective for improving the performance of large language models on complex reasoning tasks. However, applying such techniques to structured tasks, such as text-to-SQL,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Mingqian He , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

Text-To-SQL (T2S) conversion based on large language models (LLMs) has found a wide range of applications, by leveraging the capabilities of LLMs in interpreting the query intent expressed in natural language. Existing research focuses on…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ziyang Zheng , Haipeng Jing , Canyu Rui , Askar Hamdulla , Dong Wang

Data analysts use SQL queries to access and manipulate data on their databases. However, these queries are often challenging to write, and small mistakes can lead to unexpected data output. Recent work has explored several ways to…

We introduce SQL-Exchange, a framework for mapping SQL queries across different database schemas by preserving the source query structure while adapting domain-specific elements to align with the target schema. We investigate the conditions…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammadreza Daviran , Brian Lin , Davood Rafiei

Text-to-SQL enables non-experts to retrieve data from databases by converting natural language queries into SQL. However, state-of-the-art text-to-SQL studies rely on the BIRD dataset, which assumes that evidence is provided along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Janghyeon Yun , Sang-goo Lee

To leverage the advantages of LLM in addressing challenges in the Text-to-SQL task, we present XiYan-SQL, an innovative framework effectively generating and utilizing multiple SQL candidates. It consists of three components: 1) a Schema…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yifu Liu , Yin Zhu , Yingqi Gao , Zhiling Luo , Xiaoxia Li , Xiaorong Shi , Yuntao Hong , Jinyang Gao , Yu Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Generating accurate SQL from users' natural language questions (text-to-SQL) remains a long-standing challenge due to the complexities involved in user question understanding, database schema comprehension, and SQL generation. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Hao Chen , Junnan Dong , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

Text-to-SQL enables users to interact with databases through natural language, simplifying the retrieval and synthesis of information. Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in converting natural language questions into SQL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Oleg Somov , Elena Tutubalina

Addressing the mismatch between natural language descriptions and the corresponding SQL queries is a key challenge for text-to-SQL translation. To bridge this gap, we propose an SQL intermediate representation (IR) called Natural SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Yujian Gan , Xinyun Chen , Jinxia Xie , Matthew Purver , John R. Woodward , John Drake , Qiaofu Zhang

As a promising paradigm, interactive semantic parsing has shown to improve both semantic parsing accuracy and user confidence in the results. In this paper, we propose a new, unified formulation of the interactive semantic parsing problem,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Ziyu Yao , Yu Su , Huan Sun , Wen-tau Yih
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