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Recently, object counting has shifted towards class-agnostic counting (CAC), which counts instances of arbitrary object classes never seen during model training. With advancements in robust vision-and-language foundation models, there is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Luca Ciampi , Nicola Messina , Matteo Pierucci , Giuseppe Amato , Marco Avvenuti , Fabrizio Falchi

Visual object counting has recently shifted towards class-agnostic counting (CAC), which addresses the challenge of counting objects across arbitrary categories, a crucial capability for flexible and generalizable counting systems. Unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luca Ciampi , Ali Azmoudeh , Elif Ecem Akbaba , Erdi Sarıtaş , Ziya Ata Yazıcı , Hazım Kemal Ekenel , Giuseppe Amato , Fabrizio Falchi

Class-Agnostic Counting (CAC) seeks to accurately count objects in a given image with only a few reference examples. While previous methods achieving this relied on additional training, recent efforts have shown that it's possible to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yuhao Lin , Haiming Xu , Lingqiao Liu , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Class agnostic counting (CAC) is a vision task that can be used to count the total occurrence number of any given reference objects in the query image. The task is usually formulated as a density map estimation problem through similarity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Tsung-Han Chou , Brian Wang , Wei-Chen Chiu , Jun-Cheng Chen

Class-Agnostic object Counting (CAC) involves counting instances of objects from arbitrary classes within an image. Due to its practical importance, CAC has received increasing attention in recent years. Most existing methods assume a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Michail Spanakis , Iason Oikonomidis , Antonis Argyros

Existing class-agnostic counting models typically rely on a single type of prompt, e.g., box annotations. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive prompt-based counting framework capable of generating density maps for concerned objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Wei Lin , Antoni B. Chan

Class-agnostic counting methods enumerate objects of an arbitrary class, providing tremendous utility in many fields. Prior works have limited usefulness as they require either a set of examples of the type to be counted or that the query…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Michael A. Hobley , Victor A. Prisacariu

Class-agnostic counting (CAC) has numerous potential applications across various domains. The goal is to count objects of an arbitrary category during testing, based on only a few annotated exemplars. In this paper, we point out that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jingyi Xu , Hieu Le , Dimitris Samaras

We propose a novel framework for interactive class-agnostic object counting, where a human user can interactively provide feedback to improve the accuracy of a counter. Our framework consists of two main components: a user-friendly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yifeng Huang , Viresh Ranjan , Minh Hoai

Prompt tuning adapts Vision-Language Models like CLIP to open-world tasks with minimal training costs. In this direction, one typical paradigm evaluates model performance separately on known classes (i.e., base domain) and unseen classes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Cong Hua , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Zitai Wang , Shilong Bao , Qingming Huang

Class-agnostic counting (CAC) aims to count all instances in a query image given few exemplars. A standard pipeline is to extract visual features from exemplars and match them with query images to infer object counts. Two essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Min Shi , Hao Lu , Chen Feng , Chengxin Liu , Zhiguo Cao

Nearly all existing counting methods are designed for a specific object class. Our work, however, aims to create a counting model able to count any class of object. To achieve this goal, we formulate counting as a matching problem, enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Erika Lu , Weidi Xie , Andrew Zisserman

Text prompts are crucial for generalizing pre-trained open-set object detection models to new categories. However, current methods for text prompts are limited as they require manual feedback when generalizing to new categories, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Qibo Chen , Weizhong Jin , Shuchang Li , Mengdi Liu , Li Yu , Jian Jiang , Xiaozheng Wang

Text-to-image (T2I) models today are capable of producing photorealistic, instruction-following images, yet they still frequently fail on prompts that require implicit world knowledge. Existing evaluation protocols either emphasize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyang Han , Junhao Su , Junjie Hu , Peizhen Yang , Hengyu Shi , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao

Object counting is a fundamental task in computer vision, with broad applicability in many real-world scenarios. Fully-supervised counting methods require costly point-level annotations per object. Few weakly-supervised methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xiaowen Zhang , Zijie Yue , Yong Luo , Cairong Zhao , Qijun Chen , Miaojing Shi

In class-agnostic object counting, the goal is to estimate the total number of object instances in an image without distinguishing between specific categories. Existing methods often predict this count without considering class-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Huilin Zhu , Jingling Yuan , Zhengwei Yang , Yu Guo , Xian Zhong , Shengfeng He

Class-agnostic object counting aims to count object instances of an arbitrary class at test time. It is challenging but also enables many potential applications. Current methods require human-annotated exemplars as inputs which are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jingyi Xu , Hieu Le , Dimitris Samaras

With the advent of large pre-trained vision-language models such as CLIP, prompt learning methods aim to enhance the transferability of the CLIP model. They learn the prompt given few samples from the downstream task given the specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Kai Wang , Fei Yang , Bogdan Raducanu , Joost van de Weijer

Continual learning aims to refine model parameters for new tasks while retaining knowledge from previous tasks. Recently, prompt-based learning has emerged to leverage pre-trained models to be prompted to learn subsequent tasks without the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jisu Han , Jaemin Na , Wonjun Hwang

Classification tasks are widely investigated in the In-Context Learning (ICL) paradigm. However, current efforts are evaluated on disjoint benchmarks and settings, while their performances are significantly influenced by some trivial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hakaze Cho , Naoya Inoue
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