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We introduce a novel approach to translate arbitrary 3-SAT instances to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) as they are used by quantum annealing (QA) or the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Our approach…

In the pursuit of achieving near-term quantum advantage for combinatorial optimization problems, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) are the primary methods of interest, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Adelina Bärligea , Benedikt Poggel , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

The hypergraph minimum cut problem aims to partition its vertices into two blocks while minimizing the total weight of the cut hyperedges. This fundamental problem arises in network reliability, VLSI design, and community detection. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Adil Chhabra , Christian Schulz , Bora Uçar , Loris Wilwert

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading hybrid classical-quantum algorithm for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. QAOA-in-QAOA (QAOA^2) uses a divide-and-conquer heuristic to solve large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Aniello Esposito , Tamuz Danzig

There is a growing interest in harnessing the potential of the Rydberg-atom system to address complex combinatorial optimization challenges. Here we present an experimental demonstration of how the quadratic unconstrained binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Andrew Byun , Junwoo Jung , Kangheun Kim , Minhyuk Kim , Seokho Jeong , Heejeong Jeong , Jaewook Ahn

Variational quantum algorithms, such as the Recursive Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (RQAOA), have become increasingly popular, offering promising avenues for employing Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices to address…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shuaiqun Pan , Yash J. Patel , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Thomas Bäck , Hao Wang

Optimizing objective functions stands to benefit significantly from leveraging quantum computers, promising enhanced solution quality across various application domains in the future. However, harnessing the potential of quantum solvers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Deborah Volpe , Nils Quetschlich , Mariagrazia Graziano , Giovanna Turvani , Robert Wille

The maximum-cut problem is one of the fundamental problems in combinatorial optimization. With the advent of quantum computers, both the maximum-cut and the equivalent quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem have experienced…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-07 Daniel Rehfeldt , Thorsten Koch , Yuji Shinano

We propose a complete quantum-classical hybrid branch-and-bound algorithm (QCBB) to solve binary linear programs with equality constraints. That includes bound calculation, convergence metrics and optimality guarantee to the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 András Czégel , Dávid Sipos , Boglárka G. -Tóth

Given an undirected, unweighted graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, the maximum cut problem is to find a partition of the $n$ vertices into disjoint subsets $V_1$ and $V_2$ such that the number of edges between them is as large as…

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems are prevalent in real-world applications, such as portfolio optimization, but pose significant computational challenges for large-scale instances. We propose a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Soumyadip Das , Suman Kumar Roy , Rahul Rana , M Girish Chandra

Scaling the size of monolithic quantum computer systems is a difficult task. As the number of qubits within a device increases, a number of factors contribute to decreases in yield and performance. To meet this challenge, distributed…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can naturally be applied to combinatorial search problems on graphs. The quantum circuit has p applications of a unitary operator that respects the locality of the graph. On a graph with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) sits at the heart of many industries and academic fields such as logistics, supply chain, finance, pharmaceutical science, chemistry, IT, and energy sectors, among others. These problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Chia-Tso Lai , Carsten Blank , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

This work shows that minimizing the depth of a quantum circuit composed of commuting operations reduces to a vertex coloring problem on an appropriately constructed graph, where gates correspond to vertices and edges encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Hochang Lee , Kyung Chul Jeong , Panjin Kim

Quantum optimization allows for up to exponential quantum speedups for specific, possibly industrially relevant problems. As the key algorithm in this field, we motivate and discuss the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor

We present a number of quantum computing patterns that build on top of fundamental algorithms, that can be applied to solving concrete, NP-hard problems. In particular, we introduce the concept of a quantum dictionary as a summation of…

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize problem-solving through quantum mechanics, but current NISQ devices face limitations in qubit count and error rates, hindering the execution of large-scale quantum circuits. To address these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Waldemir Cambiucci , Regina Melo Silveira , Wilson Vicente Ruggiero

Quantum devices can be used to solve constrained combinatorial optimization (COPT) problems thanks to the use of penalization methods to embed the COPT problem's constraints in its objective to obtain a quadratic unconstrained binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-26 Rodolfo Quintero , David Bernal , Tamás Terlaky , Luis F. Zuluaga

Quantum computers are devices, which allow more efficient solutions of problems as compared to their classical counterparts. As the timeline to developing a quantum-error corrected computer is unclear, the quantum computing community has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-16 Marko J. Rančić