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Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has proven effective at improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks such as reasoning and alignment. In this work, we propose Step-Controlled DPO (SCDPO), a method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zimu Lu , Aojun Zhou , Ke Wang , Houxing Ren , Weikang Shi , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is widely utilized in the Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) phase to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, thereby enhancing both their harmlessness and efficacy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Wei Liu , Yang Bai , Chengcheng Han , Rongxiang Weng , Jun Xu , Xuezhi Cao , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

Social agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can simulate human social behaviors but fall short in handling complex social dialogues. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has proven effective in aligning LLM behavior with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Aobo Kong , Wentao Ma , Shiwan Zhao , Yongbin Li , Yuchuan Wu , Ke Wang , Xiaoqian Liu , Qicheng Li , Yong Qin , Fei Huang

Direct preference optimization (DPO) is widely used as a simple and stable method for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. This paper investigates a generalized DPO loss that enables a policy model to match the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yeongmin Kim , Heesun Bae , Byeonghu Na , Il-Chul Moon

DPO is an effective preference optimization algorithm. However, the DPO-tuned models tend to overfit on the dispreferred samples, manifested as overly long generations lacking diversity. While recent regularization approaches have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chenxu Yang , Ruipeng Jia , Naibin Gu , Zheng Lin , Siyuan Chen , Chao Pang , Weichong Yin , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a cornerstone of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, existing DPO-based methods typically treat all preference pairs equally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shangpin Peng , Weinong Wang , Zhuotao Tian , Senqiao Yang , Xing Wu , Haotian Xu , Chengquan Zhang , Takashi Isobe , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Preference modeling techniques, such as direct preference optimization (DPO), has shown effective in enhancing the generalization abilities of large language model (LLM). However, in tasks involving video instruction-following, providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ruohong Zhang , Liangke Gui , Zhiqing Sun , Yihao Feng , Keyang Xu , Yuanhan Zhang , Di Fu , Chunyuan Li , Alexander Hauptmann , Yonatan Bisk , Yiming Yang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) demonstrates the advantage of aligning a large language model with human preference using only an offline dataset. However, DPO has the limitation that the KL penalty, which prevents excessive deviation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sangkyu Lee , Janghoon Han , Hosung Song , Stanley Jungkyu Choi , Honglak Lee , Youngjae Yu

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) alignment algorithms has resulted in a complex and fragmented landscape, with limited clarity on the effectiveness of different methods and their inter-connections. This paper introduces…

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been successfully used to align large language models (LLMs) according to human preferences, and more recently it has also been applied to improving the quality of text-to-image diffusion models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shivanshu Shekhar , Shreyas Singh , Tong Zhang

Recent developments in Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) allow large language models (LLMs) to function as implicit ranking models by maximizing the margin between preferred and non-preferred responses. In practice, user feedback on such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Junda Wu , Rohan Surana , Zhouhang Xie , Yiran Shen , Yu Xia , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Julian McAuley

While alignment algorithms are now commonly used to tune pre-trained language models towards a user's preferences, we lack explanations for the underlying mechanisms in which models become ``aligned'', thus making it difficult to explain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Andrew Lee , Xiaoyan Bai , Itamar Pres , Martin Wattenberg , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Rada Mihalcea

Multimodal Large Reasoning Models introduce the reasoning paradigm, demonstrating strong capabilities on complex vision-language tasks. However, they still suffer from severe hallucinations. Existing training-based methods typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiawei Kong , Hao Fang , Shunxiang Liao , Jinyu Li , Bin Chen , Hao Wu , Shu-Tao Xia , Min Zhang

Aligning text-to-video diffusion models with human preferences is crucial for generating high-quality videos. Existing Direct Preference Otimization (DPO) methods rely on multi-sample ranking and task-specific critic models, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zitong Huang , Kaidong Zhang , Yukang Ding , Chao Gao , Rui Ding , Ying Chen , Wangmeng Zuo

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been widely used for aligning language models with human preferences in a supervised manner. However, several key questions remain unresolved: the rationale behind its log-ratio reward, how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yunjae Won , Hyunji Lee , Hyeonbin Hwang , Minjoon Seo

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising framework for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences by directly optimizing the log-likelihood difference between chosen and rejected responses. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Meng Li , Guangda Huzhang , Haibo Zhang , Xiting Wang , Anxiang Zeng

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in text-to-image generation, yet aligning them with human preference remains challenging due to the presence of multiple, sometimes conflicting, evaluation metrics (e.g., semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dipesh Tamboli , Souradip Chakraborty , Aditya Malusare , Biplab Banerjee , Amrit Singh Bedi , Vaneet Aggarwal

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) plays a crucial role in aligning language models with human preferences. While the significance of dataset quality is generally recognized, explicit investigations into its impact within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Yuu Jinnai , Kenshi Abe , Kaito Ariu

In recent years, text-to-speech (TTS) has seen impressive advancements through large-scale language models, achieving human-level speech quality. Integrating human feedback has proven effective for enhancing robustness in these systems.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Kangxiang Xia , Xinfa Zhu , Jixun Yao , Lei Xie

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a powerful technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, effectively aligning LLMs with diverse human preferences remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Chengao Li , Hanyu Zhang , Yunkun Xu , Hongyan Xue , Xiang Ao , Qing He