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Standard 6 megavolt (MV) radiotherapy is limited by source size and secondary electron range to minimum radiological penumbra widths of ~2-3 mm. This study investigates sharper beams via upright radiotherapy with lower energies and extended…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Lloyd E Kamole Ghomsi , Clinton Gibson , Veng-Jean Heng , Ramish M Ashraf , Lawrie Skinner

Highly-directional image artifacts such as ion mill curtaining, mechanical scratches, or image striping from beam instability degrade the interpretability of micrographs. These unwanted, aperiodic features extend the image along a primary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Jonathan Schwartz , Yi Jiang , Yongjie Wang , Anthony Aiello , Pallab Bhattacharya , Hui Yuan , Zetian Mi , Nabil Bassim , Robert Hovden

We present the first application of the extended Fast Action Minimization method (eFAM) to a real dataset, the SDSS-DR12 Combined Sample, to reconstruct galaxies orbits back-in-time, their two-point correlation function (2PCF) in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 E. Sarpa , A. Veropalumbo , C. Schimd , E. Branchini , S. Matarrese

Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation (FSMIS) has been widely used to train a model that can perform segmentation from only a few annotated images. However, most existing prototype-based FSMIS methods generate multiple prototypes from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Jianchao Jiang , Haofeng Zhang

We introduce the exit time finite state projection (ETFSP) scheme, a truncation-based method that yields approximations to the exit distribution and occupation measure associated with the time of exit from a domain (i.e., the time of first…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-31 Juan Kuntz , Philipp Thomas , Guy-Bart Stan , Mauricio Barahona

Focused ion beams (FIBs) are widely used in nanofabrication for applications such as circuit repair, ultra-thin lamella preparation, strain engineering, and quantum device prototyping. Although the lateral spread of the ion beam is often…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-04 M. G. Masteghin , Z. P. Aslam , A. P. Brown , M. J. Whiting , S. K. Clowes , R. P. Webb , D. C. Cox

Neutrino mass constraints are a primary focus of current and future large-scale structure (LSS) surveys. Non-linear LSS models rely heavily on cosmological simulations -- the impact of massive neutrinos should therefore be included in these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-11 James M. Sullivan , J. D. Emberson , Salman Habib , Nicholas Frontiere

Few-shot medical image segmentation (FSMIS) has achieved notable progress, yet most existing methods mainly rely on semantic correspondences from scarce annotations while under-utilizing a key property of medical imagery: anatomical targets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhihao Mao , Bangpu Chen

Derivative boundary conditions introduce challenges for mesh-free discretizations of PDEs on surfaces, especially when the domain is represented by randomly sampled point clouds. The recently developed two-step tangent-space RBF-generated…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Peng Chen , Shixiao Willing Jiang , Rongji Li , Qile Yan

Image Phase Alignment Super-Sampling (ImPASS) is a computational imaging algorithm for converting a sequence of displaced low-resolution images into a single high-resolution image. The method consists of a unique combination of Phase…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-01 James N. Caron

Respiration-induced B$_0$ fluctuation corrupts MRI images by inducing phase errors in k-space. A few approaches such as navigator have been proposed to correct for the artifacts at the expense of sequence modification. In this study, a new…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-09 Hongjun An , Hyeong-Geol Shin , Sooyoen Ji , Woojin Jung , Sehong Oh , Dongmyung Shin , Juhyung Park , Jongho Lee

Few-shot segmentation (FSS) aims to segment new classes using few annotated images. While recent FSS methods have shown considerable improvements by leveraging Segment Anything Model (SAM), they face two critical limitations: insufficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shuai Chen , Fanman Meng , Liming Lei , Haoran Wei , Chenhao Wu , Qingbo Wu , Linfeng Xu , Hongliang Li

Few-shot Semantic Segmentation(FSS)aim to adapt a pre-trained model to new classes with as few as a single labeled training sample per class. The existing prototypical work used in natural image scenarios biasedly focus on capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Song Tang , Chunxiao Zu , Wenxin Su , Yuan Dong , Mao Ye , Yan Gan , Xiatian Zhu

Excessive loads near wounds produce pathological scarring and other complications. Presently, stress cannot easily be measured by surgeons in the operating room. Instead, surgeons rely on intuition and experience. Predictive computational…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-10-07 Casey Stowers , Taeksang Lee , Ilias Bilionis , Arun Gosain , Adrian Buganza Tepole

As opposed to metasurfaces, metagratings represent themselves sparse arrangements of scatterers. Established rigorous analytical models allow metagratings to overcome performance of metasurfaces in beam steering applications while handling…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Vladislav Popov , Fabrice Boust , Shah Nawaz Burokur

Over the past decade, reversed Gradient Polarity (RGP) methods have become a popular approach for correcting susceptibility artifacts in Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI). Although several post-processing tools for RGP are available, their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Abigail Julian , Lars Ruthotto

Continuous wavefront sensing on future space telescopes allows relaxation of stability requirements while still allowing on-orbit diffraction-limited optical performance. We consider the suitability of phase retrieval to continuously…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-14 Hyukmo Kang , Kyle Van Gorkom , Jess Johnson , Ole Singlestad , Aaron Goldtooth , Daewook Kim , Ewan S. Douglas

We implement an algorithm for detecting and removing artifacts from astronomical images by means of outlier rejection during stacking. Our method is capable of addressing both small, highly significant artifacts such as cosmic rays and, by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 D. Gruen , S. Seitz , G. M. Bernstein

Purpose: To evaluate the latent variance (LV) of TrueBeam photon phase-space files (PSF) for open 10x10$cm^2$ and small fields. Methods: BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc was used to transport particles from Varian phase-space files (PSFA) through the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Eyad Alhakeem , Sergei Zavgorodni

Computational determination of the equilibrium state of heterogeneous phospholipid mem-branes is a significant challenge. We wish to explore the rich phase diagram of these multi-component systems. However, the diffusion and mixing times in…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Yevhen K. Cherniavskyi , Arman Fathizadeh , Ron Elber , D. Peter Tieleman
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