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Interleaved text-and-image generation represents a significant frontier for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), offering a more intuitive way to convey complex information. Current paradigms rely on either image generation or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yinuo Liu , Zi Qian , Heng Zhou , Jiahao Zhang , Yajie Zhang , Zhihang Li , Mengyu Zhou , Erchao Zhao , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Background: There is great interest in agentic LLMs, large language models that act as agents. Objectives: We review the growing body of work in this area and provide a research agenda. Methods: Agentic LLMs are LLMs that (1) reason, (2)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Aske Plaat , Max van Duijn , Niki van Stein , Mike Preuss , Peter van der Putten , Kees Joost Batenburg

The rapid advancement of intelligent agents and Large Language Models (LLMs) is reshaping the pervasive computing field. Their ability to perceive, reason, and act through natural language understanding enables autonomous problem-solving in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Gianni Molinari , Fabio Ciravegna

Proof engineering is notoriously labor-intensive: proofs that are straightforward on paper often require lengthy scripts in theorem provers. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) create new opportunities for proof automation:…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yichen Xu , Martin Odersky

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Chain-of-thought prompting significantly boosts the reasoning ability of large language models but still faces three issues: hallucination problem, restricted interpretability, and uncontrollable generation. To address these challenges, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Chen Liang , Zhifan Feng , Zihe Liu , Wenbin Jiang , Jinan Xu , Yufeng Chen , Yong Wang

Organisations are starting to adopt LLM-based AI agents, with their deployments naturally evolving from single agents towards interconnected, multi-agent networks. Yet a collection of safe agents does not guarantee a safe collection of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan , Liam Carroll , Tiberio Caetano

Current test-time scaling (TTS) techniques enhance large language model (LLM) performance by allocating additional computation at inference time, yet they remain insufficient for agentic settings, where actions directly interact with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xingshan Zeng , Lingzhi Wang , Weiwen Liu , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Agentic AI architectures augment LLMs with external tools, unlocking strong capabilities. However, tool use is not always beneficial; some calls may be redundant or even harmful. Effective tool use, therefore, hinges on a core LLM decision:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Qinyuan Wu , Soumi Das , Mahsa Amani , Arijit Nag , Seungeon Lee , Krishna P. Gummadi , Abhilasha Ravichander , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

In the age of large language models (LLMs), autonomous agents have emerged as a powerful paradigm for achieving general intelligence. These agents dynamically leverage tools, memory, and reasoning capabilities to accomplish user-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chaojia Yu , Zihan Cheng , Hanwen Cui , Yishuo Gao , Zexu Luo , Yijin Wang , Hangbin Zheng , Yong Zhao

AI agents are autonomous systems that combine LLMs with external tools to solve complex tasks. While such tools extend capability, improper tool permissions introduce security risks such as indirect prompt injection and tool misuse. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Roy Betser , Shamik Bose , Amit Giloni , Chiara Picardi , Sindhu Padakandla , Roman Vainshtein

The justice system has increasingly employed AI techniques to enhance efficiency, yet limitations remain in improving the quality of decision-making, particularly regarding transparency and explainability needed to uphold public trust in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Cong Jiang , Xiaolei Yang

The concept of the 'agent' has profoundly shaped Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, guiding development from foundational theories to contemporary applications like Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems. This paper critically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jesse Gardner , Vladimir A. Baulin

Agentic AI systems are emerging as powerful tools for automating complex, multi-step tasks across various industries. One such industry is telecommunications, where the growing complexity of next-generation radio access networks (RANs)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Sotiris Chatzimiltis , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Merouane Debbah , Rahim Tafazolli

Large language model agents are becoming increasingly capable at web-centric tasks such as information retrieval, complex reasoning. These emerging capabilities have given rise to surge research interests in developing LLM agent for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yu Li , Lehui Li , Lin Chen , Qingmin Liao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Autonomous agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks. However, current evaluations largely rely on success rates without systematically analyzing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruofan Lu , Yichen Li , Yintong Huo

Tool-augmented LLMs are a promising approach to create AI agents that can have realistic conversations, follow procedures, and call appropriate functions. However, evaluating them is challenging due to the diversity of possible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Samuel Arcadinho , David Aparicio , Mariana Almeida

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a surge of interest in agents, leading to the rapid growth of agent frameworks. Agent frameworks are software toolkits and libraries that provide standardized components, abstractions,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yanlin Wang , Xinyi Xu , Jiachi Chen , Tingting Bi , Wenchao Gu , Zibin Zheng

Language models (LMs) are becoming increasingly dependent on external tools. LM-based agentic frameworks frequently interact with their environment via such tools to search files, run code, call APIs, etc. Further, modern reasoning-based…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Daniel Nichols , Prajwal Singhania , Charles Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele , Harshitha Menon

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as simulated participants in social science experiments, but their behavior is often unstable and highly sensitive to design choices. Prior evaluations frequently conflate base-model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Haoyang Shang , Zizhang Liu , Xinyan Liu , Yunze Xiao , Yiwen Tu , Haojian Jin