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In this work we show that the size versus accuracy trade-off of neural network quantization can be significantly improved by increasing the quantization dimensionality. We propose the GPTVQ method, a new fast method for post-training vector…

The ever-growing computational complexity of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates efficient deployment strategies. The current state-of-the-art approaches for Post-training Quantization (PTQ) often require calibration to achieve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Vahid Partovi Nia , Boxing Chen , Masoud Asgharian

Layer-wise quantization is a key technique for efficiently compressing large models without expensive retraining. Previous methods typically quantize the weights of each layer by "uniformly" optimizing the layer reconstruction loss across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yi-Lin Sung , Prateek Yadav , Jialu Li , Jaehong Yoon , Mohit Bansal

In this paper, we propose StableQuant, a novel adaptive post-training quantization (PTQ) algorithm for widely used speech foundation models (SFMs). While PTQ has been successfully employed for compressing large language models (LLMs) due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Yeona Hong , Hyewon Han , Woo-jin Chung , Hong-Goo Kang

With the advent of large language models (LLMs), numerous Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) strategies have been proposed to alleviate deployment barriers created by their enormous parameter counts. Quantization achieves compression by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Wonjun Bang , Jongseok Park , Hongseung Yu , Kyungmin Bin , Kyunghan Lee

Hidden Markov models (HMM) are commonly used in generation tasks and have demonstrated strong capabilities in neuro-symbolic applications for the Markov property. These applications leverage the strengths of neural networks and symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hanyuan Gao , Xiaoxuan Yang

We consider a distributed detection problem within a wireless sensor network (WSN), where a substantial number of sensors cooperate to detect the existence of sparse stochastic signals. To achieve a trade-off between detection performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-07 Linlin Mao , Shefeng Yan , Zeping Sui , Hongbin Li

When Large Language Models (LLMs) are compressed using techniques such as quantization, the predominant way to demonstrate the validity of such techniques is by measuring the model's accuracy on various benchmarks.If the accuracies of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Abhinav Dutta , Sanjeev Krishnan , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee

In recent years, the compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a key problem in facilitating LLM deployment on resource-limited devices, reducing compute costs, and mitigating the environmental footprint due to large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sean I. Young

The sample compression theory provides generalization guarantees for predictors that can be fully defined using a subset of the training dataset and a (short) message string, generally defined as a binary sequence. Previous works provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Mathieu Bazinet , Valentina Zantedeschi , Pascal Germain

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

Post Training Quantization (PTQ), a mainstream model compression technique, often leads to the paradoxical 'low error, high loss' phenomenon because it focuses solely on minimizing quantization error. The root cause lies in the Hessian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jinhao Zhang Yunquan Zhang , Zicheng yan , Boyang Zhang , Jun Sun , Daning Cheng

Weight quantisation is an essential technique for enabling efficient training and deployment of modern deep learning models. However, the recipe book of quantisation formats is large and formats are often chosen empirically. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Douglas Orr , Luka Ribar , Carlo Luschi

Recent advances in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) have demonstrated remarkable accuracy and robustness in diverse audio applications, such as live transcription and voice command processing. However, deploying these models on…

Although recent quantized Large Language Models (LLMs), such as BitNet, have paved the way for significant reduction in memory usage during deployment with binary or ternary weights, training these models still demands substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kaiyan Zhao , Tsuguchika Tabaru , Kenichi Kobayashi , Takumi Honda , Masafumi Yamazaki , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

For unsupervised data-dependent hashing, the two most important requirements are to preserve similarity in the low-dimensional feature space and to minimize the binary quantization loss. A well-established hashing approach is Iterative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Tuan Hoang , Thanh-Toan Do , Huu Le , Dang-Khoa Le-Tan , Ngai-Man Cheung

The exponential growth in Large Language Model (LLM) deployment has intensified the need for efficient model compression techniques to reduce computational and memory costs. While pruning and quantization have shown promise, their combined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Stanislas Laborde , Martin Cousseau , Antoun Yaacoub , Lionel Prevost

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to various domains, concerns regarding the trustworthiness of LLMs in safety-critical scenarios have been raised, due to their unpredictable tendency to hallucinate and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Xin Qiu , Risto Miikkulainen

A growing trend has emerged in designing high-quality Small Language Models (SLMs) with a few million parameters. This trend is driven by the increasing concerns over cloud costs, privacy, and latency. Considering that full parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Xuan Shen , Peiyan Dong , Zhenglun Kong , Yifan Gong , Changdi Yang , Zhaoyang Han , Yanyue Xie , Lei Lu , Cheng Lyu , Chao Wu , Yanzhi Wang , Pu Zhao