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We introduce HAMLET, a holistic and automated framework for evaluating the long-context comprehension of large language models (LLMs). HAMLET structures source texts into a three-level key-fact hierarchy at root-, branch-, and leaf-levels,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jiaqi Deng , Yuho Lee , Nicole Hee-Yeon Kim , Hyangsuk Min , Taewon Yun , Minjeong Ban , Kim Yul , Hwanjun Song

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their increased accessibility have made it easier than ever for students to automatically generate texts, posing new challenges for educational institutions. To enforce norms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Lukas Gehring , Benjamin Paaßen

Class-imbalanced node classification tasks are prevalent in real-world scenarios. Due to the uneven distribution of nodes across different classes, learning high-quality node representations remains a challenging endeavor. The engineering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xinyu Guo , Kai Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Jing Liu

Embodied LLMs endow robots with high-level task reasoning, but they cannot reflect on what went wrong or why, turning deployment into a sequence of independent trials where mistakes repeat rather than accumulate into experience. Drawing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yining Hong , Huang Huang , Manling Li , Li Fei-Fei , Leonidas Guibas , Jiajun Wu , Yejin Choi

Efficient and accurate autoformalization methods, which leverage large-scale datasets of extensive natural language mathematical problems to construct formal language datasets, are key to advancing formal mathematical reasoning. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jiaxuan Xie , Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Siqi Li , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang

Recent progress in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) has significantly enhanced the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), empowering them to tackle increasingly complex tasks through reflection capabilities, such as making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Jianghao Chen , Zhenlin Wei , Zhenjiang Ren , Ziyong Li , Jiajun Zhang

Grading German legal exam solutions faces growing volumes and a shortage of qualified graders, delaying feedback and creating a bottleneck. At the same time, it is a high-stakes expert task, since state exam grades strongly influence career…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Abdullah Al Zubaer , Lorenz Wendlinger , Simon Alexander Nonn , Michael Granitzer , Jelena Mitrovic

The meteoric rise in text generation capability has been accompanied by parallel growth in interest in machine-generated text detection: the capability to identify whether a given text was generated using a model or written by a person.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Kevin Stowe , Svetlana Afanaseva , Rodolfo Raimundo , Yitao Sun , Kailash Patil

The growing need for trustworthy machine learning has led to the blossom of interpretability research. Numerous explanation methods have been developed to serve this purpose. However, these methods are deficiently and inappropriately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yipei Wang , Xiaoqian Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are fluent but largely static after pre-training; new or shifting knowledge is typically added with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) or fine-tuning. RAG raises latency and engineering overhead and often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Rimom Costa

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various natural language processing tasks, yet their ability to perform multi-step logical reasoning remains an open challenge. Although Chain-of-Thought prompting has…

An ongoing debate in the NLG community concerns the best way to evaluate systems, with human evaluation often being considered the most reliable method, compared to corpus-based metrics. However, tasks involving subtle textual differences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Lorenzo De Mattei , Michele Cafagna , Huiyuan Lai , Felice Dell'Orletta , Malvina Nissim , Albert Gatt

AI-augmented classrooms generate rich teacher and student feedback before graded outcomes become available, yet these signals can be difficult to translate into timely instructional decisions. We propose an interpretable decision layer: a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junsoo Park , Youssef Medhat , Htet Phyo Wai , Ploy Thajchayapong , Ashok K. Goel

Automated document classification is a trending topic in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to the extensive growth in digital databases. However, a model that fits well for a specific classification task might perform weakly for another…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Uvini Ranaweera , Bawun Mawitagama , Sanduni Liyanage , Sandupa Keshan , Tiloka de Silva , Supun Hewawalpita

While the ImageNet dataset has been driving computer vision research over the past decade, significant label noise and ambiguity have made top-1 accuracy an insufficient measure of further progress. To address this, new label-sets and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Momchil Peychev , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Intelligent tutoring systems have long enabled automated immediate feedback on student work when it is presented in a tightly structured format and when problems are very constrained, but reliably assessing free-form mathematical reasoning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Aron Gohr , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Kevin Gao , Inigo Serjeant , Stephen Heslip

Embedding benchmarks like MTEB report a single score per model, implicitly treating robustness as a static, scalar property. We argue that embedding robustness is multidimensional, since models respond differently to different types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Manuel Frank , Haithem Afli

Recently, generative AIs like ChatGPT have become available to the wide public. These tools can for instance be used by students to generate essays or whole theses. But how does a teacher know whether a text is written by a student or an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lorenz Mindner , Tim Schlippe , Kristina Schaaff

Essays are considered a valuable mechanism for evaluating learning outcomes in writing. Textual cohesion is an essential characteristic of a text, as it facilitates the establishment of meaning between its parts. Automatically scoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Bruno Alexandre Rosa , Hilário Oliveira , Luiz Rodrigues , Eduardo Araujo Oliveira , Rafael Ferreira Mello

In grammatical error correction (GEC), automatic evaluation is an important factor for research and development of GEC systems. Previous studies on automatic evaluation have demonstrated that quality estimation models built from datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Daisuke Suzuki , Yujin Takahashi , Ikumi Yamashita , Taichi Aida , Tosho Hirasawa , Michitaka Nakatsuji , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi