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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is widely used in IoT systems because of its low power consumption, interoperability, and reliable bidirectional communication. However, its connection-oriented architecture introduces trade-offs among wake-up…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ziyao Zhou , Chen Shen , Tiancheng Cao , Hen-Wei Huang

Bluetooth Low Energy systems are one of the most popular solutions used for indoor localization. Unfortunately their accuracy might not be sufficient for some of the applications. One way to reduce localization errors is hybrid positioning,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Marcin Kolakowski

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the key enablers for low-power and low-cost applications in consumer electronics and the Internet of Things. The latest features such as audio and direction finding will introduce more and more devices…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Julian Karoliny , Thomas Blazek , Andreas Springer , Hans-Peter Bernhard

The Internet of Things (IoT) has improved people's lives by seamlessly integrating into many facets of modern life and facilitating information sharing across platforms. Device Authentication and Key exchange are major challenges for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Chandranshu Gupta , Gaurav Varshney

Physical-layer authentication is a popular alternative to the conventional key-based authentication for internet of things (IoT) devices due to their limited computational capacity and battery power. However, this approach has limitations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Saud Khan , Chandra Thapa , Salman Durrani , Seyit Camtepe

Smart home IoT systems rely on authentication mechanisms to ensure that only authorized entities can control devices and access sensitive functionality. In practice, these mechanisms must balance security with usability, often favoring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Daniyal Ganiuly , Nurzhau Bolatbek , Assel Smaiyl

One significant challenge in research is to collect a large amount of data and learn the underlying relationship between the input and the output variables. This paper outlines the process of collecting and validating a dataset designed to…

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) backscatter is a promising candidate for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Unlike existing commodity-level BLE backscatter systems that only enable one-shot communication through BLE advertising…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Huixin Dong , Yijie Wu , Feiyu Li , Wei Kuang , Yuan He , Qian Zhang , Wei Wang

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a fast-growing wireless technology with a large number of potential use cases, particularly in the IoT domain. Increasingly, these use cases require the storage of sensitive user data or critical device…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Pallavi Sivakumaran , Jorge Blasco

On demand sensing is emerging as a key paradigm in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, where devices remain in low power states and transmit data only upon event triggers. Such an operation requires wireless communication schemes that provide…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Ziyao Zhou , Chen Shen , Sicong Shen , Hen-Wei Huang

The market for Bluetooth Low Energy devices is booming and, at the same time, has become an attractive target for adversaries. To improve BLE security at large, we present BTLEmap, an auditing application for BLE environments. BTLEmap is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Alexander Heinrich , Milan Stute , Matthias Hollick

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Mesh is widely recognized as a driver technology for IoT applications. However, the lack of quality of service (QoS) in BLE Mesh, represented by packet prioritization, significantly limits its potential. This work…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Jimmy Fernandez Landivar , Pieter Crombez , Sofie Pollin , Hazem Sallouha

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the energy consumption characteristics of a Silicon (Si)-based Reconfigurable IoT (RIoT) node developed in the initial phase of the SUPERIOT project, focusing on key operating states,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Mohammud J. Bocus , Juha Hakkinen , Helder Fontes , Marcin Drzewiecki , Senhui Qiu , Kerstin Eder , Robert Piechocki

IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is an emerging technology to enable ubiquitous IoT services. However, there are very few studies of the performance evaluation on real hardware environments. This paper…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Varat Chawathaworncharoen , Vasaka Visoottiviseth , Ryousei Takano

To defeat security threats such as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.2 and 5.x introduce the Secure Connections Only mode, under which a BLE device accepts only secure paring protocols including Passkey Entry…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Yue Zhang , Jian Weng , Rajib Dey , Yier Jin , Zhiqiang Lin , Xinwen Fu

As of today, large-scale wireless sensor networks are adopted for smart building applications as they are easy and flexible to deploy. Low-power wireless nodes can achieve multi-year lifetimes with an AA battery using Bluetooth Low Energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Francesco Fraternali , Bharathan Balaji , Yuvraj Agarwal , Luca Benini , Rajesh Gupta

Detecting the presence of persons and estimating their quantity in an indoor environment has grown in importance recently. For example, the information if a room is unoccupied can be used for automatically switching off the light, air…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-18 Florenc Demrozi , Cristian Turetta , Fabio Chiarani , Philipp H. Kindt , Graziano Pravadelli

This paper presents a lightweight, protocol-agnostic security enhancement for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Building on a backscatter-based identification mechanism,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Taki Eddine Djidjekh , Alexandru Takacs , Gaël Loubet , Lamoussa Sanogo , Daniela Dragomirescu

Reliable and energy-efficient Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication is crucial for Internet of Things (IoT) applications in dynamic environments. However, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and data throughput in BLE are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Ziyao Zhou , Hen-Wei Huang

Asset tracking solutions have proven their significance in industrial contexts, as evidenced by their successful commercialization (e.g., Hilti On!Track). However, a seamless solution for matching assets with their users, such as operators…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-19 Silvano Cortesi , Michele Crabolu , Prodromos-Vasileios Mekikis , Giovanni Bellusci , Christian Vogt , Michele Magno