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Research techniques in the last decade have improved lossless compression ratios by significantly increasing processing time. These techniques have remained obscure because production systems require high throughput and low resource…

We conceptualize the process of understanding as information compression, and propose a method for ranking large language models (LLMs) based on lossless data compression. We demonstrate the equivalence of compression length under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Peijia Guo , Ziguang Li , Haibo Hu , Chao Huang , Ming Li , Rui Zhang

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are deep generative models that support exact and efficient probabilistic inference. Yet in autoregressive language modeling, PCs still lag behind Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), suggesting an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhiyu Zhao , Xuejie Liu , Muhan Zhang , Anji Liu

Autonomous control systems face significant challenges in performing complex tasks in the presence of latent risks. To address this, we propose an integrated framework that combines Large Language Models (LLMs), numerical optimization, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Xiyu Deng , Quan Khanh Luu , Anh Van Ho , Yorie Nakahira

Analog/Mixed-Signal (AMS) circuits play a critical role in the integrated circuit (IC) industry. However, automating Analog/Mixed-Signal (AMS) circuit design has remained a longstanding challenge due to its difficulty and complexity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yichen Shi , Ze Zhang , Hongyang Wang , Zhuofu Tao , Zhongyi Li , Bingyu Chen , Yaxin Wang , Zhen huang , Xuhua Liu , Quan Chen , Zhiping Yu , Ting-Jung Lin , Lei He

Linear solvers for large and sparse systems are a key element of scientific applications, and their efficient implementation is necessary to harness the computational power of current computers. Algebraic MultiGrid (AMG) preconditioners are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-25 Pasqua D'Ambra , Fabio Durastante , Salvatore Filippone

Automatic open-domain dialogue evaluation has attracted increasing attention, yet remains challenging due to the complexity of assessing response appropriateness. Traditional evaluation metrics, typically trained with true positive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Bohao Yang , Kun Zhao , Dong Liu , Chen Tang , Liang Zhan , Chenghua Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are computationally intensive. The computation workload and the memory footprint grow quadratically with the dimension (layer width). Most of LLMs' parameters come from the linear layers of the transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Xiao-Yang Liu , Jie Zhang , Guoxuan Wang , Weiqing Tong , Anwar Walid

Language Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance by scaling test-time computation but often suffer from ``overthinking'', producing excessively long reasoning traces that increase latency and memory usage. Existing LRMs typically…

The design automation of analog circuits is a longstanding challenge. This paper presents a reinforcement learning method enhanced by graph learning to automate the analog circuit parameter optimization at the pre-layout stage, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Weidong Cao , Mouhacine Benosman , Xuan Zhang , Rui Ma

Engineering design operates through hierarchical abstraction from system specifications to component implementations, requiring visual understanding coupled with mathematical reasoning at each level. While Multi-modal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Arman Akbari , Jian Gao , Yifei Zou , Mei Yang , Jinru Duan , Dmitrii Torbunov , Yanzhi Wang , Yihui Ren , Xuan Zhang

Training Large Language Models(LLMs) is one of the most compute-intensive tasks in high-performance computing. Predicting end-to-end training time for multi-billion parameter models distributed across hundreds of GPUs remains challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Biyao Zhang , Mingkai Zheng , Debargha Ganguly , Xuecen Zhang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Zhao Zhang

In the realm of ASIC engineering, the landscape has been significantly reshaped by the rapid development of LLM, paralleled by an increase in the complexity of modern digital circuits. This complexity has escalated the requirements for HDL…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Emil Goh , Maoyang Xiang , I-Chyn Wey , T. Hui Teo

We seek to address a core challenge facing current Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs have demonstrated superior performance in many tasks, yet continue to struggle with reasoning problems on explicit graphs that require multiple steps. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Alexander K Taylor , Anthony Cuturrufo , Vishal Yathish , Mingyu Derek Ma , Wei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for text-rich graph machine learning tasks such as node classification in high-impact domains like fraud detection and recommendation systems. Yet, despite a surge of interest, the field…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ben Finkelshtein , Silviu Cucerzan , Sujay Kumar Jauhar , Ryen White

Specializing large language models (LLMs) for local deployment in domain-specific use cases is necessary for strong performance while meeting latency and privacy constraints. However, conventional task-specific adaptation approaches do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Lanxiang Hu , Tajana Rosing , Hao Zhang

Understanding the relationship between data compression and the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial, especially in specialized domains like code intelligence. Prior work posited a linear relationship between compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Shijie Xuyang , Xianzhen Luo , Zheng Chu , Houyi Li , Siming Huang , Qiufeng Wang , Wanxiang Che , Qingfu Zhu , Shuigeng Zhou

Effective scheduling under tight resource, timing, and operational constraints underpins large-scale planning across sectors such as capital projects, manufacturing, logistics, and IT fleet transitions. However, the reliability of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Raj Jain , Marc Wetter

In the realm of electronic and electrical engineering, automation of analog circuit is increasingly vital given the complexity and customized requirements of modern applications. However, existing methods only develop search-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Chen-Chia Chang , Yikang Shen , Shaoze Fan , Jing Li , Shun Zhang , Ningyuan Cao , Yiran Chen , Xin Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have presented significant opportunities to enhance various machine learning applications, including graph neural networks (GNNs). By leveraging the vast open-world knowledge within LLMs, we can more effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuxia Wu , Shujie Li , Yuan Fang , Chuan Shi