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Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is a widely used concept in machine learning research which has gained popularity in recent years as a highly effective tool for comparing (finite-dimensional) distributions. Since it is designed as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Andrew Alden , Blanka Horvath , Zacharia Issa

We propose a new conditional dependence measure and a statistical test for conditional independence. The measure is based on the difference between analytic kernel embeddings of two well-suited distributions evaluated at a finite set of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Meyer Scetbon , Laurent Meunier , Yaniv Romano

Kernel methods provide a flexible and powerful framework for nonparametric statistical testing by embedding probability distributions into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). In this work, we study the kernel two-sample testing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Perrine Lacroix , Bertrand Michel , Franck Picard , Vincent Rivoirard

The widespread adoption of the \emph{maximum mean discrepancy} (MMD) in goodness-of-fit testing has spurred extensive research on its statistical performance. However, recent studies indicate that the inherent structure of MMD may constrain…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-11 Shiwei Sang , Shao-Bo Lin , Xuehu Zhu

We propose a nonparametric two-sample test procedure based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) for testing the hypothesis that two samples of functions have the same underlying distribution, using kernels defined on function spaces. This…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-20 George Wynne , Andrew B. Duncan

We propose a novel kernel-based two-sample test that leverages the spectral decomposition of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) statistic to identify and utilize well-estimated directional components in reproducing kernel Hilbert space…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-21 Rui Cui , Yuhao Li , Xiaojun Song

This paper presents a kernel-based discriminative learning framework on probability measures. Rather than relying on large collections of vectorial training examples, our framework learns using a collection of probability distributions that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-01-15 Krikamol Muandet , Kenji Fukumizu , Francesco Dinuzzo , Bernhard Schölkopf

Current meta-learning approaches focus on learning functional representations of relationships between variables, i.e. on estimating conditional expectations in regression. In many applications, however, we are faced with conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-25 Jean-Francois Ton , Lucian Chan , Yee Whye Teh , Dino Sejdinovic

We develop novel learning rates for conditional mean embeddings by applying the theory of interpolation for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). We derive explicit, adaptive convergence rates for the sample estimator under the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Prem Talwai , Ali Shameli , David Simchi-Levi

Conditional kernel mean embeddings are nonparametric models that encode conditional expectations in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. While they provide a flexible and powerful framework for probabilistic inference, their performance is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-09 Kelvin Hsu , Richard Nock , Fabio Ramos

Over the last decade, an approach that has gained a lot of popularity to tackle nonparametric testing problems on general (i.e., non-Euclidean) domains is based on the notion of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) embedding of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-03 Omar Hagrass , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur , Bing Li

The learning of domain-invariant representations in the context of domain adaptation with neural networks is considered. We propose a new regularization method that minimizes the discrepancy between domain-specific latent feature…

Mean embeddings provide an extremely flexible and powerful tool in machine learning and statistics to represent probability distributions and define a semi-metric (MMD, maximum mean discrepancy; also called N-distance or energy distance),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-17 Matthieu Lerasle , Zoltan Szabo , Timothee Mathieu , Guillaume Lecue

This study intends to introduce kernel mean embedding of probability measures over infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces induced by functional response statistical models. The embedded function represents the concentration of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Saeed Hayati , Kenji Fukumizu , Afshin Parvardeh

This paper introduces an approach for detecting differences in the first-order structures of spatial point patterns. The proposed approach leverages the kernel mean embedding in a novel way by introducing its approximate version tailored to…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-15 Raif M. Rustamov , James T. Klosowski

We consider the variable selection problem for two-sample tests, aiming to select the most informative variables to determine whether two collections of samples follow the same distribution. To address this, we propose a novel framework…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-23 Jie Wang , Santanu S. Dey , Yao Xie

The kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy~(MMD) is a popular multivariate distance metric between distributions that has found utility in two-sample testing. The usual kernel-MMD test statistic is a degenerate U-statistic under the null, and thus…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Ilmun Kim , Aaditya Ramdas

This paper introduces kdiff, a novel kernel-based measure for estimating distances between instances of time series, random fields and other forms of structured data. This measure is based on the idea of matching distributions that only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-01 Srinjoy Das , Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Alexander Cloninger

In this paper we introduce a kernel-based measure for detecting differences between two conditional distributions. Using the `kernel trick' and nearest-neighbor graphs, we propose a consistent estimate of this measure which can be computed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-30 Anirban Chatterjee , Ziang Niu , Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

The Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is a cornerstone statistic for nonparametric two-sample testing, but its test power is dictated entirely by the chosen kernel. Because any fixed kernel inherently fails to distinguish certain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Yijin Ni , Xiaoming Huo