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Changes in source code are an inevitable part of software development. They are the results of indispensable activities such as fixing bugs or improving functionality. Descriptions for code changes (commit messages) help people better…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Thanh Trong Vu , Thanh-Dat Do , Hieu Dinh Vo

Cross-border data transfer is vital for the digital economy by enabling data flow across different countries or regions. However, ensuring compliance with diverse data protection regulations during the transfer introduces significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Zhixian Zhuang , Xiaodong Lee , Jiuqi Wei , Yufan Fu , Aiyao Zhang

Grammar-based test case generation has proven effective for competitive programming problems, but generating valid and general grammars from natural language specifications remains a key challenge, especially under limited supervision.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Aditi , Hyunwoo Park , Sicheol Sung , Yo-Sub Han , Sang-Ki Ko

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Code review is a cornerstone of software quality assurance, and recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in its automation. However, existing benchmarks for LLM-based code review face three major limitations. Lack…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ruida Hu , Xinchen Wang , Xin-Cheng Wen , Zhao Zhang , Bo Jiang , Pengfei Gao , Chao Peng , Cuiyun Gao

The critical field of psychology necessitates a comprehensive benchmark to enhance the evaluation and development of domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing MMLU-type benchmarks, such as C-EVAL and CMMLU, include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Junlei Zhang , Hongliang He , Nirui Song , Zhanchao Zhou , Shuyuan He , Shuai Zhang , Huachuan Qiu , Anqi Li , Yong Dai , Lizhi Ma , Zhenzhong Lan

Evaluating the open-form textual responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) typically requires measuring the semantic similarity of the response to a (human generated) reference. However, there is evidence that current semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Qiyao Wei , Edward Morrell , Lea Goetz , Mihaela van der Schaar

Effective communication, specifically through documentation, is the beating heart of collaboration among contributors in software development. Recent advancements in language models (LMs) have enabled the introduction of a new type of actor…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Bibek Poudel , Adam Cook , Sekou Traore , Shelah Ameli

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in recommendation systems (RecSys) by using them as either knowledge enhancer or zero-shot ranker. A key challenge lies in the large semantic gap between LLMs and RecSys where the former…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Guangneng Hu

As the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their performance becomes increasingly crucial and challenging. This paper aims to bridge this gap by introducing CMMLU, a comprehensive Chinese benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Haonan Li , Yixuan Zhang , Fajri Koto , Yifei Yang , Hai Zhao , Yeyun Gong , Nan Duan , Timothy Baldwin

The lack of comprehensive sources of accurate vulnerability data represents a critical obstacle to studying and understanding software vulnerabilities (and their corrections). In this paper, we present an approach that combines heuristics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Daan Hommersom , Antonino Sabetta , Bonaventura Coppola , Dario Di Nucci , Damian A. Tamburri

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on diverse benchmarks, yet existing evaluation practices largely rely on coarse summary metrics that obscure underlying reasoning abilities. In this work, we propose novel…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Jia Liu , Zhiyu Xu , Yuqi Gu

Pre-trained code models have emerged as crucial tools in various code intelligence tasks. However, their effectiveness depends on the quality of the pre-training dataset, particularly the human reference comments, which serve as a bridge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Kang Yang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Tanghaoran Zhang , Bo Lin , Yanlin Wang , Yihao Qin , Zhang Zhang , Xiaoguang Mao

Automatically evaluating the quality of language generation is critical. Although recent learned metrics show high correlation with human judgement, these metrics can not explain their verdict or associate the scores with defects in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Wenda Xu , Danqing Wang , Liangming Pan , Zhenqiao Song , Markus Freitag , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

The critique capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for reasoning abilities, which can provide necessary suggestions (e.g., detailed analysis and constructive feedback). Therefore, how to evaluate the critique capacity of…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted as automated judges for evaluating generated text, their outputs are often costly, and highly sensitive to prompt design, language, and aggregation strategies, severely, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Firoj Alam , Gagan Bhatia , Sahinur Rahman Laskar , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

Evaluating object detection models in deployment is challenging because ground-truth annotations are rarely available. We introduce the Cumulative Consensus Score (CCS), a label-free monitoring signal for continuous evaluation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Avinaash Manoharan , Xiangyu Yin , Domenik Helm , Chih-Hong Cheng

The ability to rigorously estimate the failure rates of large language models (LLMs) is a prerequisite for their safe deployment. Currently, however, practitioners often face a tradeoff between expensive human gold standards and potentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Minghe Shen , Ananth Balashankar , Adam Fisch , David Madras , Miguel Rodrigues

The escalating global mental health crisis, marked by persistent treatment gaps, availability, and a shortage of qualified therapists, positions Large Language Models (LLMs) as a promising avenue for scalable support. While LLMs offer…

Automatic survey generation has emerged as a key task in scientific document processing. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating survey texts, the lack of standardized evaluation datasets critically hampers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tong Bao , Mir Tafseer Nayeem , Davood Rafiei , Chengzhi Zhang
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