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Standard contrastive learning approaches usually require a large number of negatives for effective unsupervised learning and often exhibit slow convergence. We suspect this behavior is due to the suboptimal selection of negatives used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Anshul Shah , Suvrit Sra , Rama Chellappa , Anoop Cherian

Learning rich visual representations using contrastive self-supervised learning has been extremely successful. However, it is still a major question whether we could use a similar approach to learn superior auditory representations. In this…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Haider Al-Tahan , Yalda Mohsenzadeh

We introduce Consistent Assignment for Representation Learning (CARL), an unsupervised learning method to learn visual representations by combining ideas from self-supervised contrastive learning and deep clustering. By viewing contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Thalles Silva , Adín Ramírez Rivera

Recognising detailed facial or clothing attributes in images of people is a challenging task for computer vision, especially when the training data are both in very large scale and extremely imbalanced among different attribute classes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Qi Dong , Shaogang Gong , Xiatian Zhu

Most Neural Networks (NNs) for classification are trained using Cross-Entropy as a loss function. This approach requires the model to have an explicit classification layer. However, there exist alternative approaches, such as Contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Leonardo Arrighi , Julia Eva Belloni , Aurélie Gallet , Ivan Gentile , Matteo Lippi , Marco Zullich

Conventional representation learning methods learn a universal representation that primarily captures dominant semantics, which may not always align with customized downstream tasks. For instance, in animal habitat analysis, researchers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Honglin Liu , Chao Sun , Peng Hu , Yunfan Li , Xi Peng

String representation Learning (SRL) is an important task in the field of Natural Language Processing, but it remains under-explored. The goal of SRL is to learn dense and low-dimensional vectors (or embeddings) for encoding character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Urchade Zaratiana

Recent breakthroughs in self-supervised learning show that such algorithms learn visual representations that can be transferred better to unseen tasks than joint-training methods relying on task-specific supervision. In this paper, we found…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Hyuntak Cha , Jaeho Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Masked image modelling (e.g., Masked AutoEncoder) and contrastive learning (e.g., Momentum Contrast) have shown impressive performance on unsupervised visual representation learning. This work presents Masked Contrastive Representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Yuchong Yao , Nandakishor Desai , Marimuthu Palaniswami

In this work, we devote ourselves to the challenging task of Unsupervised Multi-view Representation Learning (UMRL), which requires learning a unified feature representation from multiple views in an unsupervised manner. Existing UMRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Yiyang Zhou , Qinghai Zheng , Shunshun Bai , Jihua Zhu

Learning self-supervised representations using reconstruction or contrastive losses improves performance and sample complexity of image-based and multimodal reinforcement learning (RL). Here, different self-supervised loss functions have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Philipp Becker , Sebastian Mossburger , Fabian Otto , Gerhard Neumann

Recently, self-supervised contrastive learning has achieved great success on various tasks. However, its underlying working mechanism is yet unclear. In this paper, we first provide the tightest bounds based on the widely adopted assumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Qi Zhang , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

Unsupervised representation learning with variational inference relies heavily on independence assumptions over latent variables. Causal representation learning (CRL), however, argues that factors of variation in a dataset are, in fact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Avinash Kori , Pedro Sanchez , Konstantinos Vilouras , Ben Glocker , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

A highly desirable property of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent -- and a major difficulty for deep RL approaches -- is the ability to generalize policies learned on a few tasks over a high-dimensional observation space to similar tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Bogdan Mazoure , Ahmed M. Ahmed , Patrick MacAlpine , R Devon Hjelm , Andrey Kolobov

Contrastive learning has been shown to produce generalizable representations of audio and visual data by maximizing the lower bound on the mutual information (MI) between different views of an instance. However, obtaining a tight lower…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Shuang Ma , Zhaoyang Zeng , Daniel McDuff , Yale Song

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) has achieved remarkable success by following the computer vision paradigm of preserving absolute similarity between augmented views. However, this approach faces fundamental challenges in graphs due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhiyuan Ning , Pengfei Wang , Ziyue Qiao , Pengyang Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Human beings can quickly adapt to environmental changes by leveraging learning experience. However, the poor ability of adapting to dynamic environments remains a major challenge for AI models. To better understand this issue, we study the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Peng Su , Shixiang Tang , Peng Gao , Di Qiu , Ni Zhao , Xiaogang Wang

Contrastive learning allows us to flexibly define powerful losses by contrasting positive pairs from sets of negative samples. Recently, the principle has also been used to learn cross-modal embeddings for video and text, yet without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Mohammadreza Zolfaghari , Yi Zhu , Peter Gehler , Thomas Brox

Contrastive learning has emerged as an essential approach for self-supervised learning in visual representation learning. The central objective of contrastive learning is to maximize the similarities between two augmented versions of an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hengkui Dong , Xianzhong Long , Yun Li , Lei Chen

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) has emerged as a pivotal technique in the domain of graph representation learning. A crucial aspect of effective GCL is the caliber of generated positive and negative samples, which is intrinsically dictated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Xinjian Zhao , Liang Zhang , Yang Liu , Ruocheng Guo , Xiangyu Zhao