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Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is enabling unprecedented automation in content creation and decision support, but it also raises novel risks. This paper presents a first-principles risk assessment framework underlying the IEEE…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Richard J. Tong , Marina Cortês , Jeanine A. DeFalco , Mark Underwood , Janusz Zalewski

Decisions impacting human lives are increasingly being made or assisted by automated decision-making algorithms. Many of these algorithms process personal data for predicting recidivism, credit risk analysis, identifying individuals using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Furkan Gursoy , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

AI governance frameworks increasingly rely on audits, yet the results of their underlying evaluations require interpretation and context to be meaningfully informative. Even technically rigorous evaluations can offer little useful insight…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Leon Staufer , Mick Yang , Anka Reuel , Stephen Casper

As AI capabilities increasingly surpass human proficiency in complex tasks, current alignment techniques, including SFT and RLHF, face fundamental challenges in ensuring reliable oversight. These methods rely on direct human assessment and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xueru Wen , Jie Lou , Xinyu Lu , Junjie Yang , Yanjiang Liu , Yaojie Lu , Debing Zhang , Xing Yu

Companies have considered adoption of various high-level artificial intelligence (AI) principles for responsible AI, but there is less clarity on how to implement these principles as organizational practices. This paper reviews the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Daniel Schiff , Bogdana Rakova , Aladdin Ayesh , Anat Fanti , Michael Lennon

In the last few years, AI continues demonstrating its positive impact on society while sometimes with ethically questionable consequences. Building and maintaining public trust in AI has been identified as the key to successful and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Qinghua Lu , Guido Governatori , Jon Whittle

As artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics increasingly permeate society, ensuring the ethical behavior of these systems has become paramount. This paper contends that transparency in AI decision-making processes is fundamental to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ahmad Farooq , Kamran Iqbal

As Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), becomes increasingly embedded in education systems worldwide, ensuring their ethical, legal, and contextually appropriate deployment has become a critical policy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Sara Alaswad , Tatiana Kalganova , Wasan Awad

Recent research suggests that it may be possible to build conscious AI systems now or in the near future. Conscious AI systems would arguably deserve moral consideration, and it may be the case that large numbers of conscious systems could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Patrick Butlin , Theodoros Lappas

As AI systems enter high-stakes domains, evaluation must extend beyond predictive accuracy to include explainability, fairness, robustness, and sustainability. We introduce RAISE (Responsible AI Scoring and Evaluation), a unified framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Loc Phuc Truong Nguyen , Hung Thanh Do

With the current progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and its increasingly broader applications, trust is seen as a required criterion for AI usage, acceptance, and deployment. A robust measurement instrument is essential to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Retno Larasati

AI predictive systems are increasingly embedded in decision making pipelines, shaping high stakes choices once made solely by humans. Yet robust decisions under uncertainty still rely on capabilities that current AI lacks: domain knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sima Noorani , Shayan Kiyani , George Pappas , Hamed Hassani

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes integral to economy and society, communication gaps between developers, users, and stakeholders hinder trust and informed decision-making. High-level AI labels, inspired by frameworks like EU energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Raphael Fischer , Magdalena Wischnewski , Alexander van der Staay , Katharina Poitz , Christian Janiesch , Thomas Liebig

AI incident reporting requirements are emerging in regulation and policy, yet no operational criteria exist for determining when a detected AI incident warrants escalation beyond national handling to international coordination. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Francesca Gomez , Matthew Ball , Michael Harre , Lydia Preston , Josephine Schwab , Caio Machado

Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with an interest in AI ethics need more integrative approaches for studying and intervening in AI systems across many contexts and scales of activity. This paper presents AI value chains as an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Blair Attard-Frost , David Gray Widder

Shifting the focus from principles to practical implementation, responsible artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered considerable attention across academia, industry, and society at large. Despite being in its nascent stages, this emerging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yi Zhang , Mengjia Wu , Guangquan Zhang , Jie Lu

Recent benchmark studies have claimed that AI has approached or even surpassed human-level performances on various cognitive tasks. However, this position paper argues that current AI evaluation paradigms are insufficient for assessing…

The history of science and technology shows that seemingly innocuous developments in scientific theories and research have enabled real-world applications with significant negative consequences for humanity. In order to ensure that the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Abhishek Gupta , Camylle Lanteigne , Victoria Heath

In reaction to growing concerns about the potential harms of artificial intelligence (AI), societies have begun to demand more transparency about how AI models and systems are created and used. To address these concerns, several efforts…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-13 David Piorkowski , John Richards , Michael Hind

A series of recent developments points towards auditing as a promising mechanism to bridge the gap between principles and practice in AI ethics. Building on ongoing discussions concerning ethics-based auditing, we offer three contributions.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Jakob Mokander , Luciano Floridi