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Evaluating Video Language Models (VLMs) is a challenging task. Due to its transparency, Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) is widely used to measure the performance of these models through accuracy. However, existing MCQA benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Olga Loginova , Oleksandr Bezrukov , Ravi Shekhar , Alexey Kravets

In safety-critical domains, linguistic ambiguity can have severe consequences; a vague command like "Pass me the vial" in a surgical setting could lead to catastrophic errors. Yet, most embodied AI research overlooks this, assuming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiayu Ding , Haoran Tang , Hongbo Jin , Wei Gao , Ge Li

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel at broad visual understanding but remain coarse-grained, exhibit visual biases, and miss subtle visual details. Existing training corpora reinforce this limitation by emphasizing general recognition ("Is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Damiano Marsili , Aditya Mehta , Ryan Y. Lin , Georgia Gkioxari

Comparing two images in terms of Commonalities and Differences (CaD) is a fundamental human capability that forms the basis of advanced visual reasoning and interpretation. It is essential for the generation of detailed and contextually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Wei Lin , Muhammad Jehanzeb Mirza , Sivan Doveh , Rogerio Feris , Raja Giryes , Sepp Hochreiter , Leonid Karlinsky

Is basic visual understanding really solved in state-of-the-art VLMs? We present VisualOverload, a slightly different visual question answering (VQA) benchmark comprising 2,720 question-answer pairs, with privately held ground-truth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Paul Gavrikov , Wei Lin , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Soumya Jahagirdar , Muhammad Huzaifa , Sivan Doveh , Serena Yeung-Levy , James Glass , Hilde Kuehne

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in tasks like the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), showcasing advanced textual common-sense reasoning. However, applying this reasoning to multimodal domains, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Brendan Park , Madeline Janecek , Naser Ezzati-Jivan , Yifeng Li , Ali Emami

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved strong performance on vision-language tasks, particularly Visual Question Answering (VQA). While prior work has explored unimodal biases in VQA, the problem of selection bias in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Md. Atabuzzaman , Ali Asgarov , Chris Thomas

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have improved image captioning for cultural heritage. However, inferring structured cultural metadata (e.g., creator, origin, period) from visual input remains underexplored. We introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuechen Jiang , Enze Zhang , Md Mohsinul Kabir , Qianqian Xie , Stavroula Golfomitsou , Konstantinos Arvanitis , Sophia Ananiadou

Multimodal large language models are typically trained end-to-end to predict ground-truth answers, yet supervision signals are applied exclusively to text tokens. Visual tokens, the core carriers of visual information, are optimized only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jianfei Zhao , Feng Zhang , Xin Sun , Chong Feng , Bing Wang , Zhixing Tan

Lately, researchers in artificial intelligence have been really interested in how language and vision come together, giving rise to the development of multimodal models that aim to seamlessly integrate textual and visual information.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rajat Chawla , Arkajit Datta , Tushar Verma , Adarsh Jha , Anmol Gautam , Ayush Vatsal , Sukrit Chaterjee , Mukunda NS , Ishaan Bhola

As large-scale models evolve, language instructions are increasingly utilized in multi-modal tasks. Due to human language habits, these instructions often contain ambiguities in real-world scenarios, necessitating the integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Minheng Ni , Yutao Fan , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Prompts have been proven to play a crucial role in large language models, and in recent years, vision models have also been using prompts to improve scalability for multiple downstream tasks. In this paper, we focus on adapting prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Zhenxiang Xiao , Yuzhong Chen , Lu Zhang , Junjie Yao , Zihao Wu , Xiaowei Yu , Yi Pan , Lin Zhao , Chong Ma , Xinyu Liu , Wei Liu , Xiang Li , Yixuan Yuan , Dinggang Shen , Dajiang Zhu , Tianming Liu , Xi Jiang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in general visual understanding, they frequently falter in fine-grained perception tasks that require identifying tiny objects or discerning subtle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jilong Zhu , Yang Feng

Evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in urban driving contexts remains challenging, as existing benchmarks rely on open-ended responses that are ambiguous, annotation-intensive, and inconsistent to score. This lack of standardized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Boshra Khalili , Andrew W. Smyth

Ambiguous words or underspecified references require interlocutors to resolve them, often by relying on shared context and commonsense knowledge. Therefore, we systematically investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Lukas Ellinger , Georg Groh

The rapid advancement of Large Vision-Language models (LVLMs) has demonstrated a spectrum of emergent capabilities. Nevertheless, current models only focus on the visual content of a single scenario, while their ability to associate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Yatai Ji , Shilong Zhang , Jie Wu , Peize Sun , Weifeng Chen , Xuefeng Xiao , Sidi Yang , Yujiu Yang , Ping Luo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have been integrated into visual interpretation applications to support Blind and Low Vision (BLV) users because of their accuracy and ability to provide rich, human-like interpretations. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ricardo Gonzalez Penuela , Felipe Arias-Russi , Victor Capriles

Adapting vision-language models (VLMs) to downstream tasks with pseudolabels has gained increasing attention. A major obstacle is that the pseudolabels generated by VLMs tend to be imbalanced, leading to inferior performance. While existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yuchen Wang , Xuefeng Bai , Xiucheng Li , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie , Xinyang Chen

Large vision-language models (VLMs) can assist visually impaired people by describing images from their daily lives. Current evaluation datasets may not reflect diverse cultural user backgrounds or the situational context of this use case.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Antonia Karamolegkou , Phillip Rust , Yong Cao , Ruixiang Cui , Anders Søgaard , Daniel Hershcovich

Recent advances in multimodal vision and language modeling have predominantly focused on the English language, mostly due to the lack of multilingual multimodal datasets to steer modeling efforts. In this work, we address this gap and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jonas Pfeiffer , Gregor Geigle , Aishwarya Kamath , Jan-Martin O. Steitz , Stefan Roth , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych