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This paper provides an enhanced modeling of the contingency response that collectively reflects high-fidelity physical and operational characteristics of power grids. Integrating active and reactive power contingency responses into the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-18 Tuncay Altun , Ramtin Madani , Alper Atamturk , Ross Baldick , Ali Davoudi

Alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problems are nonconvex and nonlinear optimization problems. Utilities and independent service operators (ISO) require ACOPF to be solved in almost real time. Interior point methods (IPMs) are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Sayed Abdullah Sadat , Kibaek Kim

The DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) problem is a fundamental problem in power systems operations and planning. With high penetration of uncertain renewable resources in power systems, DCOPF needs to be solved repeatedly for a large amount of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-22 Ling Zhang , Yize Chen , Baosen Zhang

Optimal power flow (OPF) is the central optimization problem in electric power grids. Although solved routinely in the course of power grid operations, it is known to be strongly NP-hard in general, and weakly NP-hard over tree networks. In…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Michael Chertkov , Sidhant Misra , Marc Vuffray

This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Electric power grids are essential components of modern life, delivering reliable power to end-users while adhering to a multitude of engineering constraints and requirements. In grid operations, the Optimal Power Flow problem plays a key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Mostafa Mohammadian , Anna Van Boven , Kyri Baker

This paper studies optimization proxies, machine learning (ML) models trained to efficiently predict optimal solutions for AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) problems. While promising, optimization proxy performance heavily depends on training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Miao Li , Michael Klamkin , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Wenting Li , Russell Bent

The energy transition is driving the integration of large shares of intermittent power sources in the electric power grid. Therefore, addressing the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) effectively becomes increasingly essential. The AC-OPF,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Anna Varbella , Damien Briens , Blazhe Gjorgiev , Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Giovanni Sansavini

In the past decade, natural disasters such as hurricanes have challenged the operation and control of U.S. power grid. It is crucial to develop proactive strategies to assist grid operators for better emergency response and minimized…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-18 Edward Quarm Jnr. , Xiaoyuan Fan , Marcelo Elizondo , Ramtin Madani

To address the environmental concern and improve the economic efficiency, the wind power is rapidly integrated into smart grids. However, the inherent uncertainty of wind energy raises operational challenges. To ensure the cost-efficient,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Wei Xie , Yuan Yi , Zhi Zhou , Keqi Wang

The integration of massive offshore wind into hybrid AC-HVDC grids demands robust DC voltage regulation, yet conventional fixed-gain droop controllers struggle under severe stochastic volatility. This paper bridges the gap between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Hongjin Du , Aleksandra Lekić

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a very traditional research area within the power systems field that seeks for the optimal operation point of electric power plants, and which needs to be solved every few minutes in real-world scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ángela López-Cardona , Guillermo Bernárdez , Pere Barlet-Ros , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

The DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) problem is fundamental to power system operations, requiring rapid solutions for real-time grid management. While traditional optimization solvers provide optimal solutions, their computational cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Kshitiz Khanal

Alternating-Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is framed as a NP-hard non-convex optimization problem that solves for the most economical dispatch of grid generation given the AC-network and device constraints. Although there are no…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Amritanshu Pandey , Aayushya Agarwal , Larry Pileggi

This paper proposes a novel approach using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to solve the AC Power Flow problem in power grids. AC OPF is essential for minimizing generation costs while meeting the operational constraints of the grid.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Seyedamirhossein Talebi , Kaixiong Zhou

This paper presents a reformulation for the automatic generation control (AGC) in a decomposed convex relaxation algorithm. It finds an optimal solution to the AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem that is secure against a large set of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-09 Muhammad Waseem , Saeed D. Manshadi

Managing power grids with the increasing presence of variable renewable energy-based (distributed) generation involves solving high-dimensional optimization tasks at short intervals. Linearizing the AC power flow (PF) constraints is a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Yuhao Chen , Manish K. Singh

TThe rapid expansion of inverter-based resources, such as wind and solar power plants, will significantly diminish the presence of conventional synchronous generators in fu-ture power grids with rich renewable energy sources. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li , Pascal Van Hentenryck

To ensure safe, reliable operation of the electrical grid, we must be able to predict and mitigate likely failures. This need motivates the classic security-constrained AC optimal power flow (SCOPF) problem. SCOPF is commonly solved using…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-12 Charles Dawson , Chuchu Fan

The Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) problem remains one of the most fundamental yet computationally challenging tasks in power systems operation and planning due to its nonconvex, nonlinear, and multimodal nature. This paper…