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Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as judges to evaluate response quality, providing a scalable alternative to human evaluation. However, most LLM judges operate solely on intrinsic text-based reasoning, limiting their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ran Xu , Jingjing Chen , Jiayu Ye , Yu Wu , Jun Yan , Carl Yang , Hongkun Yu

The rapid advancement of domain-specific large language models (LLMs) in fields like law necessitates frameworks that account for nuanced regional legal distinctions, which are critical for ensuring compliance and trustworthiness. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun

The LLM-as-a-judge paradigm enables flexible, user-defined evaluation, but its effectiveness is often limited by the scarcity of diverse, representative data for refining criteria. We present a tool that integrates synthetic data generation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Hyo Jin Do , Zahra Ashktorab , Jasmina Gajcin , Erik Miehling , Martín Santillán Cooper , Qian Pan , Elizabeth M. Daly , Werner Geyer

Agentic search -- the task of training agents that iteratively reason, issue queries, and synthesize retrieved information to answer complex questions -- has achieved remarkable progress through reinforcement learning (RL). However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hansi Zeng , Liam Collins , Bhuvesh Kumar , Neil Shah , Hamed Zamani

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge but often suffers from flat context representations and stateless retrieval, leading to unstable performance. We propose Stateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Dong , Ziheng Lin , Ning Ding

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves knowledge-intensive question answering by incorporating external evidence. However, existing RAG methods still suffer from hallucinations and subtle reasoning errors. Recent studies introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhan Xiao , Ziwei Zhang , Chuanyue Yu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Runhua Xu , Jianxin Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in LLMs by incorporating external knowledge, but relies on chunk-based retrieval that lacks structural semantics. GraphRAG methods improve RAG by modeling knowledge as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Haoran Luo , Haihong E , Guanting Chen , Qika Lin , Yikai Guo , Fangzhi Xu , Zemin Kuang , Meina Song , Xiaobao Wu , Yifan Zhu , Luu Anh Tuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming essential tools for various natural language processing tasks but often suffer from generating outdated or incorrect information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this issue by…

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to incorporate external knowledge at inference time. However, when retrieved contexts are noisy, incomplete, or heterogeneous, a single generation process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xingchen Xiao , Heyan Huang , Runheng Liu , Jincheng Xie

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse domains, yet they still encounter challenges such as insufficient domain-specific knowledge, biases, and hallucinations. This underscores the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Hongliu Cao , Ilias Driouich , Robin Singh , Eoin Thomas

With the growing popularity of LLM agents and RAG, it has become increasingly important to retrieve documents that are essential for solving a task, even when their connection to the task is indirect or implicit. Addressing this problem…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junwei Lan , Jianlyu Chen , Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Siqi Bao , Defu Lian

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technology for legal document consultation, yet its application in Chinese legal scenarios faces two key limitations: existing benchmarks lack specialized support for joint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yaocong Li , Qiang Lan , Leihan Zhang , Le Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to address key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination, outdated knowledge, and lacking reference. However, current RAG frameworks often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zihan Wang , Zihan Liang , Zhou Shao , Yufei Ma , Huangyu Dai , Ben Chen , Lingtao Mao , Chenyi Lei , Yuqing Ding , Han Li

Legal judgment prediction is essential for enhancing judicial efficiency. In this work, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) underperform in this domain due to challenges in understanding case complexities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Chenlong Deng , Kelong Mao , Yuyao Zhang , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses with retrieved information. As an emerging paradigm, Agentic RAG further enhances this process by introducing autonomous LLM agents into the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yunjia Xi , Jianghao Lin , Menghui Zhu , Yongzhao Xiao , Zhuoying Ou , Jiaqi Liu , Tong Wan , Bo Chen , Weiwen Liu , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant performance gaps when applied to technical domains requiring precise information extraction from complex documents. Current evaluation methodologies relying on document-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shashank Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and generation but are inherently limited by static pretraining data, resulting in factual inaccuracies and weak adaptability to new information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Yuxin Wang , Tingshuo Fan , Yuan Li , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to support various decision-making tasks, assisting humans in making informed decisions. However, when LLMs confidently provide incorrect information, it can lead humans to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chaeyun Jang , Deukhwan Cho , Seanie Lee , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are being widely applied across various fields, but as tasks become more complex, evaluating their responses is increasingly challenging. Compared to human evaluators, the use of LLMs to support performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yuran Li , Jama Hussein Mohamud , Chongren Sun , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet