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Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite plays an indispensable role in the earth network because of its low latency, large capacity, and seamless global coverage. For such an unprecedented extensive irregular system, stochastic geometry (SG) is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

We study spectrum sharing between two dense low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, an incumbent primary system and a secondary system that must respect interference protection constraints on the primary system. In particular, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Taekyun Lee , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Large-scale low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite systems are increasingly valued for their ability to enable rapid and wide-area data exchange, thereby facilitating the collaborative training of artificial intelligence (AI) models across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Binquan Guo , Junteng Cao , Marie Siew , Binbin Chen , Tony Q. S. Quek , Zhu Han

This paper explores the evolution of Radio Access Network (RAN) architectures and their integration into Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) to address escalating mobile traffic demands. Focusing on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites as key…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Siva Satya Sri Ganesh Seeram , Luca Feltrin , Mustafa Ozger , Shuai Zhang , Cicek Cavdar

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are bringing the Internet of Things (IoT) to the space arena, also known as non-terrestrial networks. Several IoT satellite applications for tracking ships and cargo can be seen as exemplary…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Federico Chiariotti , Olga Vikhrova , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

This paper presents an empirical study of dynamic factors affecting link quality in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications, using Starlink as a case study. Over 56 days, 112 high-quality meteorological measurements in mostly 1-min…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Clemens Lottermoser , Simon Damm , Stefan Schmid

The extensive deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites introduces significant security challenges for communication security issues in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. With the rising number of satellites potentially acting as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Anna Talgat , Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Future uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) systems increasingly combine heterogeneous communication technologies, such as low-latency aerial mesh, terrestrial cellular, and satellite links, to improve robustness and coverage. Multipath transport…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Aygun Baltaci , Irshad A. Meer , Mustafa Ozger , Cicek Cavdar , Dominic Schupke

Free-space optical inter-satellite links (OISLs) enable high-capacity space communications but require precise Pointing, Acquisition, and Tracking (PAT) between links. Current scheduling approaches often overlook or oversimplify PAT delays,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Jason Gerard , Juan A. Fraire , Sandra Céspedes

In the ambitious realm of space AI, the integration of federated learning (FL) with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations holds immense promise. However, many challenges persist in terms of feasibility, learning efficiency, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

In this paper, we consider a cooperative communication network where multiple low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites provide services to multiple ground users (GUs) cooperatively at the same time and on the same frequency. The multi-satellite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Xuan Zhang , Shu Sun , Meixia Tao , Qin Huang , Xiaohu Tang

We investigate a multi-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system that simultaneously provides positioning and communication services to terrestrial user terminals. To address the challenges of accurately acquiring channel state information in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuchen Zhang , Pinjun Zheng , Jie Ma , Henk Wymeersch , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

This paper investigates an analytical model for low-earth orbit (LEO) multi-satellite downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks. The satellites transmit data to multiple NOMA user terminals (UTs), each employing successive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Xiangyu Li , Bodong Shang , Qingqing Wu , Chao Ren

Laser communication has advances in compared with radio frequency communication as result of much high carrier frequency from ultraviolet to near infrared. Very narrow laser beam is possible to form with very high power density. But laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-30 Volodymyr Kuzkov , Sergii Kuzkov , Serhii Borysenko

Resilient routing in large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks remains a key challenge due to frequent and unpredictable link and node failures, potentially in response to cybersecurity breaches. While prior work has explored…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lyubomir Yanev , Pietro Ronchetti , Joshua Smailes , Martin Strohmeier

Due to their low latency, high capacity, and seamless worldwide coverage, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are essential to the equal access network. Stochastic geometry (SG) is an appropriate method for such a large and irregular system.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Yanbo Cao , Derui Gao , Jingyu Xu

Free-space optical (FSO) communication has emerged as a promising technology for inter-satellite links (ISLs) due to its high data rate, low power consumption, and reduced interference. However, the performance of inter-satellite FSO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Minje Kim , Hongjae Nam , Beomsoo Ko , Hyeongjun Park , Hwanjin Kim , Dong-Hyun Jung , Junil Choi

Large networks of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are being built using inter-satellite lasers. These networks promise to offer low-latency wide-area connectivity, but reliably routing such traffic is difficult, as satellites are very…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Stefano Vissicchio , Mark Handley

In this manuscript, two novel multi-hop relay-assisted hybrid Free Space Optical / Radio Frequency (FSO / RF) communication systems are presented and compared. In these structures, RF and FSO links, at each hop, are parallel and send data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-21 Mohammad Ali Amirabadi

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites offer a promising alternative to global navigation satellite systems for precise positioning; however, their relatively low altitudes make them more susceptible to orbital perturbations, which in turn…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Jie Ma , Pinjun Zheng , Xing Liu , Yuchen Zhang , Ali A. Nasir , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri