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Since the seminal PPAD-completeness result for computing a Nash equilibrium even in two-player games, an important line of research has focused on relaxations achievable in polynomial time. In this paper, we consider the notion of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Argyrios Deligkas , Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis

While fictitious play is guaranteed to converge to Nash equilibrium in certain game classes, such as two-player zero-sum games, it is not guaranteed to converge in non-zero-sum and multiplayer games. We show that fictitious play in fact…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Sam Ganzfried

Subgame solving is a technique for scaling algorithms to large games by locally refining a precomputed blueprint strategy during gameplay. While straightforward in perfect-information games where search starts from the current state,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ondrej Kubicek , Viliam Lisy , Tuomas Sandholm

We tackle the problem of learning equilibria in simulation-based games. In such games, the players' utility functions cannot be described analytically, as they are given through a black-box simulator that can be queried to obtain noisy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Alberto Marchesi , Francesco Trovò , Nicola Gatti

We present a framework for computing approximate mixed-strategy Nash equilibria of continuous-action games. It is a modification of the traditional double oracle algorithm, extended to multiple players and continuous action spaces. Unlike…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

\emph{Ex ante} correlation is becoming the mainstream approach for \emph{sequential adversarial team games}, where a team of players faces another team in a zero-sum game. It is known that team members' asymmetric information makes both…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Luca Carminati , Federico Cacciamani , Marco Ciccone , Nicola Gatti

Computing the Nash equilibrium (NE) for N-player non-zerosum stochastic games is a formidable challenge. Currently, algorithmic methods in stochastic game theory are unable to compute NE for stochastic games (SGs) for settings in all but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-25 David Mguni

Adversarial team games model multiplayer strategic interactions in which a team of identically-interested players is competing against an adversarial player in a zero-sum game. Such games capture many well-studied settings in game theory,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ioannis Anagnostides , Fivos Kalogiannis , Ioannis Panageas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Stephen McAleer

Despite the many recent practical and theoretical breakthroughs in computational game theory, equilibrium finding in extensive-form team games remains a significant challenge. While NP-hard in the worst case, there are provably efficient…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Brian Hu Zhang , Tuomas Sandholm

The works of (Daskalakis et al., 2009, 2022; Jin et al., 2022; Deng et al., 2023) indicate that computing Nash equilibria in multi-player Markov games is a computationally hard task. This fact raises the question of whether or not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Fivos Kalogiannis , Ioannis Panageas

While Nash equilibrium has emerged as the central game-theoretic solution concept, many important games contain several Nash equilibria and we must determine how to select between them in order to create real strategic agents. Several Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Sam Ganzfried

We study equilibrium concepts in non-cooperative games under uncertainty where both beliefs and mixed strategies are represented by non-additive measures (capacities). In contrast to the classical Nash framework based on additive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Taras Radul

We conjecture that PPAD has a PCP-like complete problem, seeking a near equilibrium in which all but very few players have very little incentive to deviate. We show that, if one assumes that this problem requires exponential time, several…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yakov Babichenko , Christos Papadimitriou , Aviad Rubinstein

We consider the problem of computing mixed Nash equilibria of two-player zero-sum games with continuous sets of pure strategies and with first-order access to the payoff function. This problem arises for example in game-theory-inspired…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Guillaume Wang , Lénaïc Chizat

This study investigates differential games with motion-payoff uncertainty in continuous-time settings. We propose a framework where players update their beliefs about uncertain parameters using continuous Bayesian updating. Theoretical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jiangjing Zhou , Ovanes Petrosian , Ye Zhang , Hongwei Gao

Equilibria of realistic multiplayer games constitute a key solution concept both in practical applications, such as online advertising auctions and electricity markets, and in analytical frameworks used to study strategic voting in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jakub Černý , Shuvomoy Das Gupta , Christian Kroer

Continuous games are multiplayer games in which strategy sets are compact and utility functions are continuous. These games typically have a highly complicated structure of Nash equilibria, and numerical methods for the equilibrium…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 T. Kroupa , T. Votroubek

We present a computational formulation for the approximate version of several variational inequality problems, investigating their computational complexity and establishing PPAD-completeness. Examining applications in computational game…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Bruce M. Kapron , Koosha Samieefar

Finite-horizon probabilistic multiagent concurrent game systems, also known as finite multiplayer stochastic games, are a well-studied model in computer science due to their ability to represent a wide range of real-world scenarios…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Senthil Rajasekaran , Moshe Y. Vardi

In this paper, a new method is proposed to compute the rolling Nash equilibrium of the time-invariant nonlinear two-person zero-sum differential games. The idea is to discretize the time to transform a differential game into a sequential…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-13 Wei Liao , Xiaohui Wei , Jizhou Lai