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United Nations set Sustainable Development Goals and this paper focuses on 7th (Affordable and Clean Energy), 9th (Industries, Innovation and Infrastructure), and 13th (Climate Action) goals. Climate change is a major concern in our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Alberto Pasqualetto , Lorenzo Serafini , Michele Sprocatti

Given the growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods across all aspects of environmental sciences, it is imperative that we initiate a discussion about the ethical and responsible use of AI. In fact, much…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Amy McGovern , Imme Ebert-Uphoff , David John Gagne , Ann Bostrom

Deep learning models are trained and deployed in multiple domains. Increasing usage of deep learning models alarms the usage of memory consumed while computation by deep learning models. Existing approaches for reducing memory consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Mahendran N

Cloud computing has revolutionized the way organizations manage their IT infrastructure, but it has also introduced new challenges, such as managing cloud costs. The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Saurabh Deochake

As the Middle East emerges as a strategic hub for artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure, the feasibility of deploying sustainable datacenters in desert environments has become a topic of growing relevance. This paper presents an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lara Hassan , Mohamed ElZeftawy , Abdulrahman Mahmoud

The rapid deployment of machine learning across platforms from milliwatt-class TinyML devices to large language models has made energy efficiency a primary constraint for sustainable AI. Across these scales, performance and energy are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mohammad Saleh Vahdatpour , Yanqing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) impose rapidly growing energy demands, creating an emerging energy and carbon crisis driven by large-scale inference. Solar-powered, AI-enabled low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been proposed to mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Lei Jiang , Adrian Ildefonso , Daniel Loveless , Fan Chen

With the growing availability of large-scale datasets, and the popularization of affordable storage and computational capabilities, the energy consumed by AI is becoming a growing concern. To address this issue, in recent years, studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Roberto Verdecchia , Luís Cruz , June Sallou , Michelle Lin , James Wickenden , Estelle Hotellier

The widespread use of AI services has raised concerns for its environmental sustainability, towards which recent studies have identified carbon emissions of AI inference as the major contributor. This paper introduces a framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Vasilios A. Siris , Adamantia Stamou , George D. Stamoulis , Konstantinos Varsos , Ramin Khalili

While Generative AI stands to be one of the fastest adopted technologies ever, studies have made evident that the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) puts significant burden on energy grids and our environment. It may prove a hindrance to…

The product carbon footprint (PCF) is crucial for decarbonizing the supply chain, as it measures the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions caused by all activities during the product's life cycle. However, PCF accounting often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Zhu Deng , Jinjie Liu , Biao Luo , Can Yuan , Qingrun Yang , Lei Xiao , Wenwen Zhou , Zhu Liu

This article introduces the concept of the 'dual footprint' as a heuristic device to capture the commonalities and interdependencies between the different impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on the natural and social surroundings that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Paola Tubaro

The technology industry promotes artificial intelligence (AI) as a key enabler to solve a vast number of problems, including the environmental crisis. However, when looking at the emissions of datacenters from worldwide service providers,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 François Rottenberg , Thomas Feys , Liesbet Van der Perre

AI research has traditionally prioritised algorithmic performance, such as optimising accuracy in machine learning or runtime in automated planning. The emerging paradigm of Green AI challenges this by recognising energy consumption as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ilche Georgievski , Serhat Tekin , Marco Aiello

Automated machine learning (AutoML) strives for the automatic configuration of machine learning algorithms and their composition into an overall (software) solution - a machine learning pipeline - tailored to the learning task (dataset) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Tanja Tornede , Alexander Tornede , Jonas Hanselle , Marcel Wever , Felix Mohr , Eyke Hüllermeier

Sustainable development is a framework for achieving human development goals. It provides natural systems' ability to deliver natural resources and ecosystem services. Sustainable development is crucial for the economy and society.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Md. Tarek Hasan , Mohammad Nazmush Shamael , Arifa Akter , Rokibul Islam , Md. Saddam Hossain Mukta , Salekul Islam

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…

LLM based chatbots have become central interfaces in technical, educational, and analytical domains, supporting tasks such as code reasoning, problem solving, and information exploration. As these systems scale, sustainability concerns have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Cleyton Magalhães , Italo Santos

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Vivienne Sze , Yu-Hsin Chen , Tien-Ju Yang , Joel Emer

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in domain-specific applications, including climate change and environmental research, understanding their energy footprint has become an important concern. The growing adoption of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Alicia Bao , Jiamian He , Angel Hsu , Diego Manya , Ji , Zhang