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Multivariate time series forecasting focuses on predicting future values based on historical context. State-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models rely on neural attention between timesteps, which allows for temporal learning but fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Jake Grigsby , Zhe Wang , Nam Nguyen , Yanjun Qi

While Transformers have revolutionized deep learning, their quadratic attention complexity hinders their ability to process infinitely long inputs. We propose Feedback Attention Memory (FAM), a novel Transformer architecture that leverages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dongseong Hwang , Weiran Wang , Zhuoyuan Huo , Khe Chai Sim , Pedro Moreno Mengibar

The vanilla self-attention mechanism in Transformers can be viewed as a two-layer fast-weight MLP, whose weights are dynamically induced by inputs and whose hidden dimension is equal to the sequence length $N$. As the context extends, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qishuai Wen , Zhiyuan Huang , Xianghan Meng , Wei He , Chun-Guang Li

Transformers have shown great power in time series forecasting due to their global-range modeling ability. However, their performance can degenerate terribly on non-stationary real-world data in which the joint distribution changes over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yong Liu , Haixu Wu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Despite the widespread adoption of Transformer models for NLP tasks, the expressive power of these models is not well-understood. In this paper, we establish that Transformer models are universal approximators of continuous permutation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Chulhee Yun , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Ankit Singh Rawat , Sashank J. Reddi , Sanjiv Kumar

Autoregressive attention-based time series forecasting (TSF) has drawn increasing interest, with mechanisms like linear attention sometimes outperforming vanilla attention. However, deeper Transformer architectures frequently misalign with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Shihao Yang

Transformer architecture has been showing its great strength in visual object tracking, for its effective attention mechanism. Existing transformer-based approaches adopt the pixel-to-pixel attention strategy on flattened image features and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Zikai Song , Junqing Yu , Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen , Wei Yang

Unsupervised anomaly detection of multivariate time series is a challenging task, given the requirements of deriving a compact detection criterion without accessing the anomaly points. The existing methods are mainly based on reconstruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Qingxiang Liu , Xiaoliang Luo , Chenghao Liu , Sheng Sun , Di Yao , Lvchun Wang , Wei Yu , Yuxuan Liang

Transformers have become one of the most important architectural innovations in deep learning and have enabled many breakthroughs over the past few years. Here we propose a simple network architecture, gMLP, based on MLPs with gating, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Hanxiao Liu , Zihang Dai , David R. So , Quoc V. Le

Models such as VGGT and $\pi^3$ have shown strong multi-view 3D performance, but their heavy reliance on global self-attention results in high computational cost. Existing sparse-attention variants offer partial speedups, yet lack a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xianbing Sun , Zhikai Zhu , Zhengyu Lou , Bo Yang , Jinyang Tang , Liqing Zhang , He Wang , Jianfu Zhang

Vision Transformers are very popular nowadays due to their state-of-the-art performance in several computer vision tasks, such as image classification and action recognition. Although their performance has been greatly enhanced through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Dimitrios Konstantinidis , Ilias Papastratis , Kosmas Dimitropoulos , Petros Daras

Attention-based transformer models have achieved remarkable progress in multi-modal tasks, such as visual question answering. The explainability of attention-based methods has recently attracted wide interest as it can explain the inner…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yiming Huang , Aozhe Jia , Xiaodan Zhang , Jiawei Zhang

Attention mechanisms have recently boosted performance on a range of NLP tasks. Because attention layers explicitly weight input components' representations, it is also often assumed that attention can be used to identify information that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Sofia Serrano , Noah A. Smith

We revisit a basic question in sequence modeling: is explicit self-attention actually necessary for strong performance and reasoning? We argue that standard multi-head attention is best seen as a form of tensor lifting: hidden vectors are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhang Chong

Saliency Prediction aims to predict the attention distribution of human eyes given an RGB image. Most of the recent state-of-the-art methods are based on deep image feature representations from traditional CNNs. However, the traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Shuo Zhang

Models based on the Transformer architecture have achieved better accuracy than the ones based on competing architectures for a large set of tasks. A unique feature of the Transformer is its universal application of a self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Nan Ding , Xinjie Fan , Zhenzhong Lan , Dale Schuurmans , Radu Soricut

We show the formal equivalence of linearised self-attention mechanisms and fast weight controllers from the early '90s, where a ``slow" neural net learns by gradient descent to program the ``fast weights" of another net through sequences of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Imanol Schlag , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We explore the promising performance of a transformer model in predicting outputs of parametric dynamical systems with external time-varying input signals. The outputs of such systems vary not only with physical parameters but also with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Shuwen Sun , Lihong Feng , Peter Benner

Transformer-based models have transformed the landscape of natural language processing (NLP) and are increasingly applied to computer vision tasks with remarkable success. These models, renowned for their ability to capture long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Gracile Astlin Pereira , Muhammad Hussain

Transformers have achieved success in both language and vision domains. However, it is prohibitively expensive to scale them to long sequences such as long documents or high-resolution images, because self-attention mechanism has quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chen Zhu , Wei Ping , Chaowei Xiao , Mohammad Shoeybi , Tom Goldstein , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro