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Personalized alignment is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric interactions. However, current methods face a dual challenge: they fail to infer users' deep implicit preferences (including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Peiming Li , Zhiyuan Hu , Yang Tang , Shiyu Li , Xi Chen

Emerging efforts in AI alignment seek to broaden participation in shaping model behavior by eliciting and integrating collective input into a policy for model finetuning. While pluralistic, these processes are often linear and do not allow…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-18 K. J. Kevin Feng , Inyoung Cheong , Quan Ze Chen , Amy X. Zhang

While existing alignment paradigms have been integral in developing large language models (LLMs), LLMs often learn an averaged human preference and struggle to model diverse preferences across cultures, demographics, and communities. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Shangbin Feng , Taylor Sorensen , Yuhan Liu , Jillian Fisher , Chan Young Park , Yejin Choi , Yulia Tsvetkov

This paper proposes a novel nonlinear programming model to capture the equilibrium state of complex supply chain networks. The model, equivalent to a variational inequality model, relaxes traditional strict assumptions to accommodate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Sheng-Xue He

Pluralistic alignment is concerned with ensuring that an AI system's objectives and behaviors are in harmony with the diversity of human values and perspectives. In this paper we study the notion of pluralistic alignment in the context of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Parand A. Alamdari , Toryn Q. Klassen , Rodrigo Toro Icarte , Sheila A. McIlraith

Human image animation has witnessed significant advancements, yet generating high-fidelity hand motions remains a persistent challenge due to their high degrees of freedom and motion complexity. While reinforcement learning from human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuanzhi Wang , Xuhua Ren , Jiaxiang Cheng , Bing Ma , Kai Yu , Tianxiang Zheng , Qinglin Lu , Zhen Cui

As AI takes on a greater role in the modern world, it is essential to ensure that AI models can overcome decision uncertainty and remain aligned with human morality and interests. This research paper proposes a method for improving the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Thomas Forster , Jonathan Ouwerx , Shak Ragoler

Modern alignment pipelines are increasingly replacing expensive human preference labels with evaluations from large language models (LLM-as-Judge). However, AI labels can be systematically biased compared to high-quality human feedback…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Xintao Xia , Zhiqiu Xia , Linjun Zhang , Zhanrui Cai

Metaheuristic algorithms are widely used for solving complex optimization problems, yet their effectiveness is often constrained by fixed structures and the need for extensive tuning. The Polymorphic Metaheuristic Framework (PMF) addresses…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Faramarz Safi Esfahani , Ghassan Beydoun , Morteza Saberi , Brad McCusker , Biswajeet Pradhan

Recent debates raised concerns that language models may favor certain viewpoints. But what if the solution is not to aim for a 'view from nowhere' but rather to leverage different viewpoints? We introduce Plurals, a system and Python…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Joshua Ashkinaze , Emily Fry , Narendra Edara , Eric Gilbert , Ceren Budak

Conventional automated decision-support systems often prioritize predictive accuracy, overlooking the complexities of real-world settings where stakeholders' preferences may diverge or conflict. This can lead to outcomes that disadvantage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Vittoria Vineis , Giuseppe Perelli , Gabriele Tolomei

Preference optimization is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intentions. A significant challenge in this process is the distribution mismatch between pre-collected offline preference data and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Junming Yang , Ning Xu , Biao Liu , Shiqi Qiao , Xin Geng

The value alignment problem for artificial intelligence (AI) is often framed as a purely technical or normative challenge, sometimes focused on hypothetical future systems. I argue that the problem is better understood as a structural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Travis LaCroix

Human preference alignment is essential to improve the interaction quality of large language models (LLMs). Existing alignment methods depend on manually annotated preference data to guide the LLM optimization directions. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengyu Cheng , Yifan Yang , Jian Li , Yong Dai , Tianhao Hu , Peixin Cao , Nan Du , Xiaolong Li

Efficiently optimizing multi-model inference pipelines for fast, accurate, and cost-effective inference is a crucial challenge in machine learning production systems, given their tight end-to-end latency requirements. To simplify the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Saeid Ghafouri , Kamran Razavi , Mehran Salmani , Alireza Sanaee , Tania Lorido-Botran , Lin Wang , Joseph Doyle , Pooyan Jamshidi

One strategy in response to pluralistic values in a user population is to personalize an AI system: if the AI can adapt to the specific values of each individual, then we can potentially avoid many of the challenges of pluralism.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Nandhini Swaminathan , David Danks

Fine-grained control over large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge, hindering their adaptability to diverse user needs. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) shows promise in aligning LLMs, its reliance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Haoxiang Wang , Yong Lin , Wei Xiong , Rui Yang , Shizhe Diao , Shuang Qiu , Han Zhao , Tong Zhang

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a widely used reinforcement learning algorithm that heavily relies on accurate advantage estimates for stable and efficient training. However, raw advantage signals can exhibit significant variance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Soham Sane

Multi-preference optimization enriches language-model alignment beyond pairwise preferences by contrasting entire sets of helpful and undesired responses, thereby enabling richer training signals for large language models. During self-play…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Taneesh Gupta , Rahul Madhavan , Xuchao Zhang , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan

Personalized preference alignment for LLMs with diverse human preferences requires evaluation and alignment methods that capture pluralism. Most existing preference alignment datasets are logged under policies that differ substantially from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Chengkai Huang , Junda Wu , Zhouhang Xie , Yu Xia , Rui Wang , Tong Yu , Subrata Mitra , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao