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Structure-informed protein representation learning is essential for effective protein function annotation and \textit{de novo} design. However, the presence of inherent noise in both crystal and AlphaFold-predicted structures poses…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-25 Zhongyue Zhang , Runze Ma , Yanjie Huang , Shuangjia Zheng

Protein structures are important for understanding their functions and interactions. Currently, many protein structure prediction methods are enriching the structure database. Discriminating the origin of structures is crucial for…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-24 Wenrui Gou , Wenhui Ge , Yang Tan , Mingchen Li , Guisheng Fan , Huiqun Yu

The local structure of a protein strongly impacts its function and interactions with other molecules. Therefore, a concise, informative representation of a local protein environment is essential for modeling and designing proteins and…

Recent advances in generative modeling show that pretrained representations can improve generation as conditioning features or alignment targets. Motivated by this, we study protein representations for predicting structures beyond…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-27 Taewon Kim , Hyosoon Jang , Hyunjin Seo , Seonghwan Seo , Hyeongwoo Kim , Wonho Zhung , Mingyeong Shin , Wooyoun Kim , Sungsoo Ahn

Designing novel functional proteins crucially depends on accurately modeling their fitness landscape. Given the limited availability of functional annotations from wet-lab experiments, previous methods have primarily relied on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zuobai Zhang , Pascal Notin , Yining Huang , Aurélie Lozano , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Debora Marks , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential functions in all living organisms. Designing novel proteins with specific structures and desired functions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of bioengineering. Existing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Chence Shi , Chuanrui Wang , Jiarui Lu , Bozitao Zhong , Jian Tang

Protein representation learning (PRL) is crucial for understanding structure-function relationships, yet current sequence- and graph-based methods fail to capture the hierarchical organization inherent in protein structures. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Zhiyu Wang , Arian Jamasb , Mustafa Hajij , Alex Morehead , Luke Braithwaite , Pietro Liò

Predicting the structure of multi-protein complexes is a grand challenge in biochemistry, with major implications for basic science and drug discovery. Computational structure prediction methods generally leverage pre-defined structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-26 Stephan Eismann , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Nathaniel Thomas , Milind Jagota , Bowen Jing , Ron O. Dror

Humanoid and legged robots interact with the environment through intermittent contacts, making accurate motion estimation fundamentally dependent on reasoning about contact dynamics. However, standard sensing pipelines-whether based on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiarong Kang , Kunzhao Ren , Tao Pang , Xiaobin Xiong

A comparative classification scheme provides a good basis for several approaches to understand proteins, including prediction of relations between their structure and biological function. But it remains a challenge to combine a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-20 Shuangwei Hu , Andrei Krokhotin , Antti J. Niemi , Xubiao Peng

Proteins are miniature machines whose function depends on their three-dimensional (3D) structure. Determining this structure computationally remains an unsolved grand challenge. A major bottleneck involves selecting the most accurate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-30 Stephan Eismann , Patricia Suriana , Bowen Jing , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Ron O. Dror

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Protein modeling is an increasingly popular area of machine learning research. Semi-supervised learning has emerged as an important paradigm in protein modeling due to the high cost of acquiring supervised protein labels, but the current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Roshan Rao , Nicholas Bhattacharya , Neil Thomas , Yan Duan , Xi Chen , John Canny , Pieter Abbeel , Yun S. Song

Proteins are macromolecules responsible for essential functions in almost all living organisms. Designing reasonable proteins with desired functions is crucial. A protein's sequence and structure are strongly correlated and they together…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Zhenqiao Song , Yunlong Zhao , Wenxian Shi , Yang Yang , Lei Li

Deep learning-based computational methods have achieved promising results in predicting protein-protein interactions (PPIs). However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on isolated pairwise evaluations, overlooking a model's capability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xinzhe Zheng , Hao Du , Fanding Xu , Jinzhe Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Wenkang Wang , Tao Chen , Wanli Ouyang , Stan Z. Li , Yan Lu , Nanqing Dong , Yang Zhang

Geometric Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Transformers have become state-of-the-art for learning from 3D protein structures. However, their reliance on message passing prevents them from capturing the hierarchical interactions that govern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Chang Liu , Vivian Li , Linus Leong , Vladimir Radenkovic , Pietro Liò , Chaitanya K. Joshi

Proteins carry out biological functions through the coordinated action of groups of residues organized into structural arrangements. These arrangements, which we refer to as protein units, exist at an intermediate scale, being larger than…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-17 Gökçe Uludoğan , Buse Giledereli , Elif Ozkirimli , Arzucan Özgür

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning protein structures by capturing spatial relationships at the residue level. However, existing GNN-based methods often face challenges in learning multiscale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shih-Hsin Wang , Yuhao Huang , Taos Transue , Justin Baker , Jonathan Forstater , Thomas Strohmer , Bao Wang

Multimodal self-supervised pretraining offers a promising route to cancer prognosis by integrating histopathology whole-slide images, gene expression, and pathology reports, yet most existing approaches require fully paired and complete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Kai Yu , Shuang Zhou , Yiran Song , Zaifu Zhan , Jie Peng , Kaixiong Zhou , Tianlong Chen , Feng Xie , Meng Wang , Huazhu Fu , Mingquan Lin , Rui Zhang

Proteins are essential biological macromolecules that execute life functions. Local structural motifs, such as active sites, are the most critical components for linking structure to function and are key to understanding protein evolution…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-10 Zhiyu Wang , Bingxin Zhou , Jing Wang , Yang Tan , Weishu Zhao , Pietro Liò , Liang Hong