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Simulating physics using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is predominantly driven by message-passing architectures, which face challenges in scaling and efficiency, particularly in handling large, complex meshes. These architectures have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Paul Garnier , Vincent Lannelongue , Jonathan Viquerat , Elie Hachem

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using machine learning to overcome the high cost of numerical simulation, with some learned models achieving impressive speed-ups over classical solvers whilst maintaining accuracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Meire Fortunato , Tobias Pfaff , Peter Wirnsberger , Alexander Pritzel , Peter Battaglia

Accurate and efficient simulations of physical phenomena governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) are important for scientific and engineering progress. While traditional numerical solvers are powerful, they are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Can Yang , Zhenzhong Wang , Junyuan Liu , Yunpeng Gong , Min Jiang

Here we present a machine learning framework and model implementation that can learn to simulate a wide variety of challenging physical domains, involving fluids, rigid solids, and deformable materials interacting with one another. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez , Jonathan Godwin , Tobias Pfaff , Rex Ying , Jure Leskovec , Peter W. Battaglia

Mesh-based graph neural networks (GNNs) have become effective surrogates for PDE simulations, yet their deep message passing incurs high cost and over-smoothing on large, long-range meshes; hierarchical GNNs shorten propagation paths but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Bo Lei , Victor M. Castillo , Yeping Hu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently been explored as surrogate models for numerical simulations. While their applications in computational fluid dynamics have been investigated, little attention has been given to structural problems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Alessandro Lucchetti , Francesco Cadini , Marco Giglio , Luca Lomazzi

Complex mechanic systems simulation is important in many real-world applications. The de-facto numeric solver using Finite Element Method (FEM) suffers from computationally intensive overhead. Though with many progress on the reduction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jiasheng Shi , Fu Lin , Weixiong Rao

Physics-based deep learning frameworks have shown to be effective in accurately modeling the dynamics of complex physical systems with generalization capability across problem inputs. Data-driven networks like GNN, Neural Operators have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Rini Jasmine Gladstone , Hadi Meidani

Many real-world physics and engineering problems arise in geometrically complex domains discretized by meshes for numerical simulations. The nodes of these potentially irregular meshes naturally form point clouds whose limited tractability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shirin Hosseinmardi , Ramin Bostanabad

Numerical simulation of multi-phase fluid dynamics in porous media is critical for many energy and environmental applications in Earth's subsurface. Data-driven surrogate modeling provides computationally inexpensive alternatives to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Jiamin Jiang , Bo Guo

In recent years, Graph Neural Network (GNN) based models have shown promising results in simulating physics of complex systems. However, training dedicated graph network based physics simulators can be costly, as most models are confined to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Siqi Shen , Yu Liu , Daniel Biggs , Omar Hafez , Jiandong Yu , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui , Jiulong Shan

Deep learning-based approaches, particularly graph neural networks (GNNs), have gained prominence in simulating flexible deformations and contacts of solids, due to their ability to handle unstructured physical fields and nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhe Feng , Shilong Tao , Haonan Sun , Shaohan Chen , Zhanxing Zhu , Yunhuai Liu

Data-driven learning of physical systems has kindled significant attention, where many neural models have been developed. In particular, mesh-based graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated significant potential in modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuan Mi , Qi Wang , Xueqin Hu , Yike Guo , Ji-Rong Wen , Yang Liu , Hao Sun

Simulating dynamic physical interactions is a critical challenge across multiple scientific domains, with applications ranging from robotics to material science. For mesh-based simulations, Graph Network Simulators (GNSs) pose an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Philipp Dahlinger , Niklas Freymuth , Michael Volpp , Tai Hoang , Gerhard Neumann

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained significant traction for simulating complex physical systems, with models like MeshGraphNet demonstrating strong performance on unstructured simulation meshes. However, these models face several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Mohammad Amin Nabian , Chang Liu , Rishikesh Ranade , Sanjay Choudhry

In the recent years, the domain of fast flow field prediction has been vastly dominated by pixel-based convolutional neural networks. Yet, the recent advent of graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) have attracted a considerable…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-12-22 Junfeng Chen , Elie Hachem , Jonathan Viquerat

Computational Intelligence (CI) techniques have shown great potential as a surrogate model of expensive physics simulation, with demonstrated ability to make fast predictions, albeit at the expense of accuracy in some cases. For many…

Graph representation learning has been widely studied and demonstrated effectiveness in various graph tasks. Most existing works embed graph data in the Euclidean space, while recent works extend the embedding models to hyperbolic or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Cheng Deng , Fan Xu , Jiaxing Ding , Luoyi Fu , Weinan Zhang , Xinbing Wang

Solving large complex partial differential equations (PDEs), such as those that arise in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is a computationally expensive process. This has motivated the use of deep learning approaches to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Filipe de Avila Belbute-Peres , Thomas D. Economon , J. Zico Kolter

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in different engineering fields, but accurate simulations are dependent upon proper meshing of the simulation domain. While highly refined meshes may ensure precision, they come with high…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Amin Heyrani Nobari , Justin Rey , Suhas Kodali , Matthew Jones , Faez Ahmed