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While deep ensembles are widely considered to be the default method for uncertainty quantification in deep learning, their effectiveness for graph-structured data is often simply assumed based on successes in domains like computer vision.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Pedro C. Vieira , Pedro Ribeiro , Viacheslav Borovitskiy

We propose a network architecture capable of reliably estimating uncertainty of regression based predictions without sacrificing accuracy. The current state-of-the-art uncertainty algorithms either fall short of achieving prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Kinjal Patel , Steven Waslander

Multimodal regression aims to predict a continuous target from heterogeneous input sources and typically relies on fusion strategies such as early or late fusion. However, existing methods lack principled tools to disentangle and quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhaozhao Ma , Shujian Yu

The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly evolving, and they are also commonly used in safety-critical domains, such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis, where functional safety is paramount. In AI-driven systems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-12 Soyed Tuhin Ahmed , Michael Hefenbrock , Mehdi B. Tahoori

Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) have played a central role in certifying stability, robustness, and forward invariance of dynamical systems. Despite rapid development in learning-based methods for control design and certificate synthesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Sunbochen Tang , Andrea Goertzen , Navid Azizan

Machine learning applications require fast and reliable per-sample uncertainty estimation. A common approach is to use predictive distributions from Bayesian or approximation methods and additively decompose uncertainty into aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 H. Martin Gillis , Isaac Xu , Thomas Trappenberg

Deploying deep learning (DL) models in medical applications relies on predictive performance and other critical factors, such as conveying trustworthy predictive uncertainty. Uncertainty estimation (UE) methods provide potential solutions…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Kudaibergen Abutalip , Numan Saeed , Ikboljon Sobirov , Vincent Andrearczyk , Adrien Depeursinge , Mohammad Yaqub

Modern deep neural networks can achieve high accuracy when the training distribution and test distribution are identically distributed, but this assumption is frequently violated in practice. When the train and test distributions are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-18 Dan Hendrycks , Norman Mu , Ekin D. Cubuk , Barret Zoph , Justin Gilmer , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Many important problems in the real world don't have unique solutions. It is thus important for machine learning models to be capable of proposing different plausible solutions with meaningful probability measures. In this work we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Di Qiu , Lok Ming Lui

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) turn brain signals into functionally useful output, but they are not always accurate. A good Machine Learning classifier should be able to indicate how confident it is about a given classification, by giving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Joris Suurmeijer , Ivo Pascal de Jong , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Andreea Ioana Sburlea

The transductive inference is an effective technique in the few-shot learning task, where query sets update prototypes to improve themselves. However, these methods optimize the model by considering only the classification scores of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Minglei Yuan , Qian Xu , Chunhao Cai , Yin-Dong Zheng , Tao Wang , Tong Lu

Detecting anomalies such as an incorrect combination of objects or deviations in their positions is a challenging problem in unsupervised anomaly detection (AD). Since conventional AD methods mainly focus on local patterns of normal images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Shunsuke Sakai , Tatushito Hasegawa , Makoto Koshino

The vast majority of uncertainty quantification methods for deep object detectors such as variational inference are based on the network output. Here, we study gradient-based epistemic uncertainty metrics for deep object detectors to obtain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Tobias Riedlinger , Matthias Rottmann , Marius Schubert , Hanno Gottschalk

Deep learning has been shown to be highly effective for automatic modulation classification (AMC), which is a pivotal technology for next-generation cognitive communications. Yet, existing deep learning methods for AMC often lack robust…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Huian Yang , Rajeev Sahay

Robust quantification of predictive uncertainty is critical for understanding factors that drive weather and climate outcomes. Ensembles provide predictive uncertainty estimates and can be decomposed physically, but both physics and machine…

Monocular Metric Depth Estimation (MMDE) is essential for physically intelligent systems, yet accurate depth estimation for underrepresented classes in complex scenes remains a persistent challenge. To address this, we propose RAD, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Michael Baltaxe , Dan Levi , Sagie Benaim

Generative diffusion models, notable for their large parameter count (exceeding 100 million) and operation within high-dimensional image spaces, pose significant challenges for traditional uncertainty estimation methods due to computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Lucas Berry , Axel Brando , David Meger

This paper proposes an introspective deep metric learning (IDML) framework for uncertainty-aware comparisons of images. Conventional deep metric learning methods focus on learning a discriminative embedding to describe the semantic features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Chengkun Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Zheng Zhu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Mutual information (MI) is one of the most general ways to measure relationships between random variables, but estimating this quantity for complex systems is challenging. Denoising diffusion models have recently set a new bar for density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Longxuan Yu , Xing Shi , Xianghao Kong , Tong Jia , Greg Ver Steeg

In this paper, we propose a deep learning architecture that produces accurate dense depth for the outdoor scene from a single color image and a sparse depth. Inspired by the indoor depth completion, our network estimates surface normals as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Jiaxiong Qiu , Zhaopeng Cui , Yinda Zhang , Xingdi Zhang , Shuaicheng Liu , Bing Zeng , Marc Pollefeys