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Personalized product search aims to retrieve and rank items that match users' preferences and search intent. Despite their effectiveness, existing approaches typically assume that users' query fully captures their real motivation. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Weicong Qin , Yi Xu , Weijie Yu , Chenglei Shen , Ming He , Jianping Fan , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Controllability has become a crucial aspect of trustworthy machine learning, enabling learners to meet predefined targets and adapt dynamically at test time without requiring retraining as the targets shift. We provide a formal definition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chenglei Shen , Xiao Zhang , Teng Shi , Changshuo Zhang , Guofu Xie , Jun Xu

LLM search agents increasingly rely on tools at inference time, but their trajectories are often constrained by hard limits on both tool calls and generated tokens. Under such dual budgets, better answers require not only stronger models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhengru Fang , Senkang Forest Hu , Zhonghao Chang , Yu Guo , Yihang Tao , Hongyao Liu , Mengzhe Ruan , Jun Huang , Yuguang Fang

Recognizing facts is the most fundamental step in making judgments, hence detecting events in the legal documents is important to legal case analysis tasks. However, existing Legal Event Detection (LED) datasets only concern incomprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Feng Yao , Chaojun Xiao , Xiaozhi Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lei Hou , Cunchao Tu , Juanzi Li , Yun Liu , Weixing Shen , Maosong Sun

With the rapid and continuous increase in academic publications, identifying high-quality research has become an increasingly pressing challenge. While recent methods leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated paper evaluation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Wuqiang Zheng , Yiyan Xu , Xinyu Lin , Chongming Gao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng

Despite remarkable performance in legal consultation exhibited by legal Large Language Models(LLMs) combined with legal article retrieval components, there are still cases when the advice given is incorrect or baseless. To alleviate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yutong Hu , Kangcheng Luo , Yansong Feng

While large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in web navigation tasks, the extensive context of web pages, often represented as DOM or Accessibility Tree (AxTree) structures, frequently exceeds model context limits.…

Given a specific query case, legal case retrieval systems aim to retrieve a set of case documents relevant to the case at hand. Previous studies on user behavior analysis have shown that information retrieval (IR) systems can significantly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Beining Wang , Ruizhe Zhang , Yueyue Wu , Qingyao Ai , Min Zhang , Yiqun Liu

Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

The deep-research framework orchestrates external tools to perform complex, multi-step scientific reasoning that exceeds the native limits of a single large language model. However, it still suffers from context pollution, weak evidentiary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jinxin Shi , Zongsheng Cao , Runmin Ma , Yusong Hu , Jie Zhou , Xin Li , Lei Bai , Liang He , Bo Zhang

The semantic gap between colloquial user queries and professional legal documents presents a fundamental challenge in Legal Case Retrieval (LCR). Existing dense retrieval methods typically treat LCR as a black-box semantic matching process,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Minghan Li , Tianrui Lv , Chao Zhang , Guodong Zhou

The applications of large language models (LLMs) have been widely spread across all domains. However, the basic abilities such as the controllability of LLMs are still limited. To address this, we propose "Self-controller", a novel agentic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Xiao Peng , Xufan Geng

Legal case retrieval, which aims to find relevant cases for a query case, plays a core role in the intelligent legal system. Despite the success that pre-training has achieved in ad-hoc retrieval tasks, effective pre-training strategies for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Haitao Li , Qingyao Ai , Jia Chen , Qian Dong , Yueyue Wu , Yiqun Liu , Chong Chen , Qi Tian

Tool learning aims to enhance and expand large language models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools, which has gained significant attention recently. Current methods have shown that LLMs can effectively handle a certain amount of tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Heming Xia , Wenjie Li

Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems employ brute-force inner product search to retrieve the top-k most similar documents, then combined with the user query and passed to a language model. This allows the model to access…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chia-Heng Yu , Yen-Lung Tsai

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong progress on scientific reasoning, yet two major bottlenecks remain. First, explicit retrieval fragments reasoning, imposing a hidden "tool tax" of extra tokens and steps. Second,…

The rapid growth of scientific literature has made it increasingly difficult for researchers to efficiently discover, evaluate, and synthesize relevant work. Recent advances in multi-agent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Komal Kumar , Aman Chadha , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Hisham Cholakkal

Searching is an important tool of information gathering, if information is in the form of picture than it play a major role to take quick action and easy to memorize. This is a human tendency to retain more picture than text. The complexity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-12-12 Anamika Sharma

Open-domain question answering over datalakes requires retrieving and composing information from multiple tables, a challenging subtask that demands semantic relevance and structural coherence (e.g., joinability). While exact optimization…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Allaa Boutaleb , Bernd Amann , Rafael Angarita , Hubert Naacke

Developing a universal model that can efficiently and effectively respond to a wide range of information access requests -- from retrieval to recommendation to question answering -- has been a long-lasting goal in the information retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Hansi Zeng , Surya Kallumadi , Zaid Alibadi , Rodrigo Nogueira , Hamed Zamani