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Quantum computing threatens the security foundations of consumer electronics (CE). Preparing the diverse CE ecosystem, particularly resource-constrained devices, for the post-quantum era requires quantitative understanding of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Daniel Commey , Benjamin Appiah , Griffith S. Klogo , Winful Bagyl-Bac , James D. Gadze , Yousef Alsenani , Garth V. Crosby

As quantum computing advances, the cryptographic algorithms that underpin confidentiality, integrity, and authentication in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) face increasing vulnerability to quantum-enabled attacks. To address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Abdullah Al Mamun , Akid Abrar , Mizanur Rahman , M Sabbir Salek , Mashrur Chowdhury

Organisations are upgrading their cryptographic infrastructure to become quantum safe before large scale quantum computers materialise. Post quantum cryptography (PQC) standards now exist for key exchange and digital signatures, but the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Harish Balaji , Aarav Varshney , Prasanna Ravi , Sripal Jain , Robin Foe , Jorden Seet , Huaxiong Wang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Anupam Chattopadhyay

In recent years, with the advancement of quantum computing, mainstream asymmetric cryptographic methods in the current Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) systems are gradually being threatened. Therefore, this study explores X.509 security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Abel C. H. Chen

Recently, there are more and more organizations offering quantum-cloud services, where any client can access a quantum computer remotely through the internet. In the near future, these cloud servers may claim to offer quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-20 Xi Chen , Bin Cheng , Zhaokai Li , Xinfang Nie , Nengkun Yu , Man-Hong Yung , Xinhua Peng

NIST is standardizing Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms that are resilient to the computational capability of quantum computers. Past works show malicious subversion with cryptographic software (algorithm subversion attacks) that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Anushree Mahapatra , Deepraj Soni , Ramesh Karri

Quantum computers threaten widely deployed cryptographic primitives such as RSA, DSA, and ECC. While NIST has released post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) standards (e.g., Kyber, Dilithium), mobile app ecosystems remain largely unprepared for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Joseph Strauss , Krishna Upadhyay , A. B. Siddique , Ibrahim Baggili , Umar Farooq

Quantum computing poses a significant global threat to today's security mechanisms. As a result, security experts and public sectors have issued guidelines to help organizations migrate their software to post-quantum cryptography (PQC).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Norrathep Rattanavipanon , Jakapan Suaboot , Warodom Werapun

The problem of adopting quantum-resistant cryptographic network protocols or post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is critically important to democratizing quantum computing. The problem is urgent because practical quantum computers will break…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Jakub Sowa , Bach Hoang , Advaith Yeluru , Steven Qie , Anita Nikolich , Ravishankar Iyer , Phuong Cao

Quantum error correction (QEC) is fundamental for suppressing noise in quantum hardware and enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this paper, we propose an efficient verification framework for QEC programs. We define an assertion…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Qifan Huang , Li Zhou , Wang Fang , Mengyu Zhao , Mingsheng Ying

The advent of large-scale quantum computers poses a significant threat to contemporary network security protocols, including Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)-Enterprise authentication. To mitigate this threat, the adoption of Post-Quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Lukas Köder , Nils Lohmiller , Phil Schmieder , Bastian Buck , Michael Menth , Tobias Heer

Standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) was started by NIST in 2016 and has proceeded to its second elimination round. The upcoming standards are intended to replace (or supplement) current RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen

Network-centric quantum communications (NQC) - a new, scalable instantiation of quantum cryptography providing key management with forward security for lightweight encryption, authentication and digital signatures in optical networks - is…

The emergence of quantum computers poses a significant threat to current secure service, application and/or protocol implementations that rely on RSA and ECDSA algorithms, for instance DNSSEC, because public-key cryptography based on number…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Julio Gento Suela , Javier Blanco-Romero , Florina Almenares Mendoza , Daniel Díaz-Sánchez

This paper introduces a hybrid encryption framework combining classical cryptography (EdDSA, ECDH), post-quantum cryptography (ML-DSA-6x5, ML-KEM-768), and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) via Guardian to counter quantum computing threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

We design a model of Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Quantum Federated Learning (QFL). We develop a framework with a dynamic server selection and study convergence and security conditions. The implementation and results are publicly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Dev Gurung , Shiva Raj Pokhrel , Gang Li

This study aims to enhance the bidirectional authentication capability of ML-KEM (Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism) by proposing the post-quantum cryptography-based (PQC-based) bidirectional authentication key exchange…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Abel C. H. Chen , James W. H. Tung , Austin B. Y. Lin , Chin-Ling Chen , Ching-Chun Chang , Chin-Chen Chang

Secure interoperability across heterogeneous blockchains remains one of the most pressing challenges in Web3 with existing bridge protocols vulnerable to both classical exploits and emerging quantum threats. This paper introduces QLink a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Joao Vitor Barros Da Silva , Arsh Gupta , Madhusudan Singh Irish Singh

The impending arrival of cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) threatens the security foundations of modern software: Shor's algorithm breaks RSA, ECDSA, ECDH, and Diffie-Hellman, while Grover's algorithm reduces the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Animesh Shaw

5G made a significant jump in cellular network security by offering enhanced subscriber identity protection and a user-network mutual authentication implementation. However, it still does not fully follow the zero-trust (ZT) requirements,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Mohammed Gharib , Fatemeh Afghah